法律文本

中華人民共和國人民防空法（2009修訂）

Civil Air Defense Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2009)

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了有效地組織人民防空，保護人民的生命和財產安全，保障社會主義現代化建設的順利進行，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of organizing effective civil air defense, preserving safety of people's lives and property and ensuring the smooth progress of the socialist modernization drive.

第二條   人民防空是國防的組成部分。國家根據國防需要，動員和組織群眾采取防護措施，防範和減輕空襲危害。人民防空實行長期準備、重點建設、平戰結合的方針，貫徹與經濟建設協調發展、與城市建設相結合的原則。

Article 2 Civil air defense is a component part of national defense. In light of the need of national defense, the State mobilizes and organizes the masses to take protective measures for preventing or minimizing damage caused by air raid. For civil air defense, the guidelines of making long-term preparation, giving priority to the building of key works and suiting both peacetime and wartime needs shall be applied and the principles of coordinating its buildup with the development of the economy and combining it with urban construction shall be carried out.

第三條   縣級以上人民政府應當將人民防空建設納入國民經濟和社會發展計劃。

Article 3 People's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate civil air defense construction into their plans for national economic and social development.

第四條   人民防空經費由國家和社會共同負擔。中央負擔的人民防空經費，列入中央預算；縣級以上地方各級人民政府負擔的人民防空經費，列入地方各級預算。有關單位應當按照國家規定負擔人民防空費用。

Article 4 The expenses for civil air defense shall be jointly borne by the State and the society. The proportion borne by the Central Government shall be incorporated in the central budget, while the proportions borne by the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be incorporated in their budgets respectively. Relevant units shall bear their proportions of the expenses for civil air defense in accordance with relevant State regulations.

第五條   國家對人民防空設施建設按照有關規定給予優惠。國家鼓勵、支持企業事業組織、社會團體和個人，通過多種途徑，投資進行人民防空工程建設；人民防空工程平時由投資者使用管理，收益歸投資者所有。

Article 5 In accordance with relevant regulations, the State adopts preferential policies with regard to construction of civil air defense works. The State encourages and supports enterprises, institutions, public organizations and individuals to invest in various ways in construction of civil air defense works. In time of peace, such works shall be used and managed by the investors and the income therefrom shall be owned by them.

第六條   國務院、中央軍事委員會領導全國的人民防空工作。大軍區根據國務院、中央軍事委員會的授權領導本區域的人民防空工作。縣級以上地方各級人民政府和同級軍事機關領導本行政區域的人民防空工作。

Article 6 The State Council and the Central Military Commission shall exercise leadership in the work of civil air defense throughout the country. As authorized by the State Council and the Central Military Commission, the major military commands shall exercise leadership in the work of civil air defense in the areas under their command. Local people's governments at or above the county level and the military organs at the corresponding level shall exercise leadership in the work of civil air defense in their administrative areas respectively.

第七條   國家人民防空主管部門管理全國的人民防空工作。大軍區人民防空主管部門管理本區域的人民防空工作。縣級以上地方各級人民政府人民防空主管部門管理本行政區域的人民防空工作。中央國家機關人民防空主管部門管理中央國家機關的人民防空工作。人民防空主管部門的設置、職責和任務，由國務院、中央軍事委員會規定。縣級以上人民政府的計劃、規劃、建設等有關部門在各自的職責範圍內負責有關的人民防空工作。

Article 7 The competent national department for civil air defense shall administer the work of civil air defense throughout the country. The competent departments for civil air defense of the major military commands shall administer the work of civil air defense in their respective areas. The competent departments for civil air defense of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall administer the work of civil air defense in their administrative areas respectively. The competent departments for civil air defense of the State organs at the central level shall administer the work of civil air defense of their own organs. Provisions for the establishment and the functions and duties of the competent departments for civil air defense shall be formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission. The relevant departments for planning and construction of the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the work of civil air defense within the limits of their respective functions and duties.

第八條   一切組織和個人都有得到人民防空保護的權利，都必須依法履行人民防空的義務。

Article 8 All organizations and individuals shall have the right of being protected by civil air defense and must perform their duties in civil air defense according to law.

第九條   國家保護人民防空設施不受侵害。禁止任何組織或者個人破壞、侵占人民防空設施。

Article 9 The State protects civil air defense facilities from damage. All organizations and individuals are prohibited to destroy or seize civil air defense facilities.

第十條   縣級以上人民政府和軍事機關對在人民防空工作中做出顯著成績的組織或者個人，給予獎勵。

Article 10 People's governments and military organs at or above the county level shall give awards to organizations and individuals that have achieved outstanding successes in work of civil air defense.

第二章 防護重點

Chapter 2 Priority of Protection

第十一條   城市是人民防空的重點。國家對城市實行分類防護。城市的防護類別、防護標準，由國務院、中央軍事委員會規定。

Article 11 Cities enjoy priority in civil air defense. The State exercises classified protection in cities. Provisions for differentiating the cities for different grades of protection shall be formulated and the standards for such protection established by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

第十二條   城市人民政府應當制定防空襲方案及實施計劃，必要時可以組織演習。

Article 12 People's governments of cities shall devise air defense programmes and draw up plans for their enforcement and may organize exercise when necessary.

第十三條   城市人民政府應當制定人民防空工程建設規劃，並納入城市總體規劃。

Article 13 People's governments of cities shall work out plans for construction of civil air defense works and incorporate them into their overall urban plans.

第十四條   城市的地下交通幹線以及其他地下工程的建設，應當兼顧人民防空需要。

Article 14 In constructing trunk lines of underground traffic and other underground projects in a city, consideration shall be given to the needs of civil air defense.

第十五條   為戰時儲備糧食、醫藥、油料和其他必需物資的工程，應當建在地下或者其他隱蔽地點。

Article 15 All projects for storing grains, medicines, oils and other necessary goods and materials for wartime use shall be built underground or in other concealed places.

第十六條   對重要的經濟目標，有關部門必須采取有效防護措施，並制定應急搶險搶修方案。前款所稱重要的經濟目標，包括重要的工礦企業、科研基地、交通樞紐、通信樞紐、橋梁、水庫、倉庫、電站等。

Article 16 Relevant departments must take effective measures of protection towards important economic targets and work out plans dealing with emergencies and doing rush repairs. Important economic targets "mentioned in the preceding paragraph include important industrial and mining enterprises, scientific research bases, hubs of communications, signal centers, bridges, reservoirs, warehouses and power stations.

第十七條   人民防空主管部門應當依照規定對城市和經濟目標的人民防空建設進行監督檢查。被檢查單位應當如實提供情況和必要的資料。

Article 17 The competent departments for civil air defense shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, conduct supervision over and inspection of the civil air defense construction projects of cities and economic targets. The units under inspection shall truthfully provide the information and necessary materials.

第三章 人民防空工程

Chapter III Civil Air Defense Works

第十八條   人民防空工程包括為保障戰時人員與物資掩蔽、人民防空指揮、醫療救護等而單獨修建的地下防護建築，以及結合地面建築修建的戰時可用於防空的地下室。

Article 18 Civil air defense works include underground protective structures that are constructed particularly for sheltering people and goods and materials, civil air defense command and medical aid in time of war, and basements that are constructed in combination with the surface buildings and that can be used for air defense in time of war.

第十九條   國家對人民防空工程建設，按照不同的防護要求，實行分類指導。國家根據國防建設的需要，結合城市建設和經濟發展水平，制定人民防空工程建設規劃。

Article 19 The State provides guidance to construction of different categories of civil air defense works in accordance with the different requirements of protection. The State formulates plans for construction of civil air defense works in accordance with the need of national defense and in light of the level of urban construction and economic development.

第二十條   建設人民防空工程，應當在保證戰時使用效能的前提下，有利於平時的經濟建設、群眾的生產生活和工程的開發利用。

Article 20 Under the prerequisite of ensuring their functions in time of war, civil air defense works shall be constructed in such a way as to benefit economic development, production and life of the people and the development and use of such works in time of peace.

第二十一條   人民防空指揮工程、公用的人員掩蔽工程和疏散幹道工程由人民防空主管部門負責組織修建；醫療救護、物資儲備等專用工程由其他有關部門負責組織修建。有關單位負責修建本單位的人員與物資掩蔽工程。

Article 21 The competent departments for civil air defense shall be responsible for organizing construction of such works as civil air defense commands, shelters for public use and main passages for evacuation. Other relevant departments shall be responsible for organizing construction of special works for medical aid and for storage of goods and materials. The relevant units shall be responsible for constructing works for sheltering their own employees, goods and materials.

第二十二條   城市新建民用建築，按照國家有關規定修建戰時可用於防空的地下室。

Article 22 Basements that may be used for air defense in time of war shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, be constructed in new buildings of cities for civil use.

第二十三條   人民防空工程建設的設計、施工、質量必須符合國家規定的防護標準和質量標準。人民防空工程專用設備的定型、生產必須符合國家規定的標準。

Article 23 The design, construction and quality of civil air defense works must conform to the protection and quality standards established by the State. The final design and manufacture of special equipment for civil air defense works must conform to the standards established by the State.

第二十四條   縣級以上人民政府有關部門對人民防空工程所需的建設用地應當依法予以保障；對人民防空工程連接城市的道路、供電、供熱、供水、排水、通信等系統的設施建設，應當提供必要的條件。

Article 24 The relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with law, guarantee the land needed for construction of civil air defense works, and provide the necessary conditions for constructing civil air defense works that connect such infrastructures as roads, power supply, heat supply, water supply and drainage and communications systems in urban areas.

第二十五條   人民防空主管部門對人民防空工程的維護管理進行監督檢查。公用的人民防空工程的維護管理由人民防空主管部門負責。有關單位應當按照國家規定對已經修建或者使用的人民防空工程進行維護管理，使其保持良好使用狀態。

Article 25 The competent departments for civil air defense shall oversee and inspect the maintenance and management of civil air defense works. The competent departments for civil air defense shall be responsible for the maintenance and management of civil air defense for public use. The relevant units shall in accordance with State regulations, maintain and manage civil air defense works already built or put to use, and keep them in good repair.

第二十六條   國家鼓勵平時利用人民防空工程為經濟建設和人民生活服務。平時利用人民防空工程，不得影響其防空效能。

Article 26 The State encourages peacetime use of civil air defense works for economic development and the daily lives of the people. However, such use may not impair their functions as air defense works.

第二十七條   任何組織或者個人不得進行影響人民防空工程使用或者降低人民防空工程防護能力的作業，不得向人民防空工程內排入廢水、廢氣和傾倒廢棄物，不得在人民防空工程內生產、儲存爆炸、劇毒、易燃、放射性和腐蝕性物品。

Article 27 No organizations or individuals may conduct any operation that may impair the use of civil air defense works or weaken their protective capacities, discharge waste water or gas or dump waste material into any civil air defense works, or produce or store any explosives, hypertoxics, inflammables, radioactive substances or corrosives therein.

第二十八條   任何組織或者個人不得擅自拆除本法第二十一條規定的人民防空工程；確需拆除的，必須報經人民防空主管部門批準，並由拆除單位負責補建或者補償。

Article 28 No organizations or individuals may without approval dismantle any civil air defense works as specified in Article 21 of this Law. Where it is truly necessary to dismantle such works, the matter must be reported to the competent department for civil air defense for approval, and the unit that dismantles the works shall be responsible for reconstruction or compensation.

第四章 通信和警報

Chapter 4 Communications and Warnings

第二十九條   國家保障人民防空通信、警報的暢通，以迅速準確地傳遞、發放防空警報信號，有效地組織、指揮人民防空。

Article 29 The State ensures unimpeded civil air defense communications and warning in order that air defense warning signals are promptly and accurately transmitted and sent out and civil air defense is effectively organized and directed.

第三十條   國家人民防空主管部門負責制定全國的人民防空通信、警報建設規劃，組織全國的人民防空通信、警報網的建設和管理。縣級以上地方各級人民政府人民防空主管部門負責制定本行政區域的人民防空通信、警報建設規劃，組織本行政區域人民防空通信、警報網的建設和管理。

Article 30 The competent national department for civil air defense shall be responsible for working out national plans of construction projects for civil air defense communications and warning and organizing the establishment and management of the national network of civil air defense communications and warning. The competent departments for civil air defense of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for working out plans of construction projects for civil air defense communications and warning in their administrative areas and organizing the establishment and management of their local networks of civil air defense communications and warning.

第三十一條   郵電部門、軍隊通信部門和人民防空主管部門應當按照國家規定的任務和人民防空通信、警報建設規劃，對人民防空通信實施保障。

Article 31 Post and telecommunications departments, military communications departments and competent departments for civil air defense shall guarantee civil air defense communications by way of fulfilling their respective tasks prescribed by the State and carrying out the plans of construction projects for civil air defense communications and warning.

第三十二條   人民防空主管部門建設通信、警報網所需的電路、頻率，郵電部門、軍隊通信部門、無線電管理機構應當予以保障；安裝人民防空通信、警報設施，有關單位或者個人應當提供方便條件，不得阻撓。國家用於人民防空通信的專用頻率和防空警報音響信號，任何組織或者個人不得占用、混同。

Article 32 Post and telecommunications departments, military communications departments and radio administration authorities shall guarantee provision of the circuits and frequency required by the competent departments for civil air defense in establishing communications and warning networks, the relevant units and individuals shall provide convenience for installation of facilities of civil air defense communications and warning, and may not obstruct it. No organizations or individuals may use the same frequency or the same acoustic signals as those specially used by the State for civil air defense communications or air defense warning.

第三十三條   通信、廣播、電視系統，戰時必須優先傳遞、發放防空警報信號。

Article 33 In time of war, the communications, broadcasting and television systems must give first priority to the transmission and sending out of air defense warning signals.

第三十四條   軍隊有關部門應當向人民防空主管部門通報空中情報，協助訓練有關專業人員。

Article 34 The relevant military departments shall communicate air intelligence to the competent departments for civil air defense and assist the latter in training special personnel in this field.

第三十五條   人民防空通信、警報設施必須保持良好使用狀態。設置在有關單位的人民防空警報設施，由其所在單位維護管理，不得擅自拆除。縣級以上地方各級人民政府根據需要可以組織試鳴防空警報；並在試鳴的五日以前發布公告。

Article 35 All facilities for civil air defense communications and warning must be kept in good repair. Civil air defense warning facilities shall be maintained and controlled by the units in which they are installed and may not be dismantled without approval. When necessary, the local people's governments at or above the county level may organize trial air defense warning and shall make it known to the public five days before the trial.

第三十六條   人民防空通信、警報設施平時應當為搶險救災服務。

Article 36 In time of peace, all facilities for civil air defense communications and warning shall be used in cases of emergency and disaster.

第五章 疏散

Chapter 5 Evacuation

第三十七條   人民防空疏散由縣級以上人民政府統一組織。人民防空疏散必須根據國家發布的命令實施，任何組織不得擅自行動。

Article 37 Civil air defense evacuation shall be directed in a unified manner by the people's governments at or above the county level. Civil air defense evacuation must be carried out in accordance with the order issued by the State. No organization may go into action without such order.

第三十八條   城市人民防空疏散計劃，由縣級以上人民政府根據需要組織有關部門制定。預定的疏散地區，在本行政區域內的，由本級人民政府確定；跨越本行政區域的，由上一級人民政府確定。

Article 38 People's governments at or above the county level shall organize relevant departments to formulate plans for urban civil air defense evacuation according to need. Evacuation zones shall be predetermined by the people's government of the administrative area where such zones are located, if the zones extend to cover two or more administrative areas, they shall be predetermined by the people's government at the next higher level.

第三十九條   縣級以上人民政府應當組織有關部門和單位，做好城市疏散人口安置和物資儲運、供應的準備工作。

Article 39 People's governments at or above the county level shall organize relevant departments and units to make ample preparations for arrangement of the urban population to be evacuated and for storage, transport and supply of goods and materials.

第四十條   農村人口在有必要疏散時，由當地人民政府按照就近的原則組織實施。

Article 40 Where it is necessary to evacuate rural population, the local people's government shall have them evacuated to nearby places, which should be adhered to as a principle.

第六章 群眾防空組織

Chapter 6 Mass Organizations for Air Defense

第四十一條   縣級以上地方各級人民政府應當根據人民防空的需要，組織有關部門建立群眾防空組織。群眾防空組織戰時擔負搶險搶修、醫療救護、防火滅火、防疫滅菌、消毒和消除沾染、保障通信聯絡、搶救人員和搶運物資、維護社會治安等任務，平時應當協助防汛、防震等部門擔負搶險救災任務。

Article 41 Local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in light of the need of civil air defense, have relevant departments establish mass organizations for air defense. The tasks to be performed by mass organizations for air defense in time of war include dealing with emergencies, doing rush repairs, providing medical aid, preventing and extinguishing fire, engaging in epidemic prevention, disinfection and sterilization, eliminating contamination, ensuring signal communications, rescuing people, doing emergency transportation of goods and materials and maintaining public order, and in time of peace they shall assist the departments for fighting against floods and earthquakes in dealing with emergencies and doing disaster relief.

第四十二條   群眾防空組織由下列部門負責組建：

Article 42 The following departments shall be responsible for organizing mass organizations for air defense:

（一）城建、公用、電力等部門組建搶險搶修隊；

1. The departments for urban construction, public utilities and power supply shall organize teams to deal with emergencies and do rush repairs;

（二）衛生、醫藥部門組建醫療救護隊；

(II) Public health and medical departments shall organize medical aid teams;

（三）公安部門組建消防隊、治安隊；

(III) Public security departments shall organize fire brigades and public security teams;

（四）衛生、化工、環保等部門組建防化防疫隊；

(IV) The departments for public health, chemical industry and environmental protection shall organize anti-chemical and anti-epidemic teams;

（五）郵電部門組建通信隊；

(V) The post and telecommunications departments shall organize communications teams;

（六）交通運輸部門組建運輸隊。紅十字會組織依法進行救護工作。

(VI) Transport departments shall organize transportation teams. The Red Cross Society shall carry out the rescue work by law.

第四十三條   群眾防空組織所需裝備、器材和經費由人民防空主管部門和組建單位提供。

Article 43 The equipment, apparatus and funds needed by mass organizations for air defense shall be provided by competent departments for civil air defense and the units that organize them.

第四十四條   群眾防空組織應當根據人民防空主管部門制定的訓練大綱和訓練計劃進行專業訓練。

Article 44 Mass organizations for air defense shall carry out specialized training in accordance with the training program and plans formulated by the competent departments for civil air defense.

第七章 人民防空教育

Chapter 7 Education in Civil Air Defense

第四十五條   國家開展人民防空教育，使公民增強國防觀念，掌握人民防空的基本知識和技能。

Article 45 The State develops civil air defense education to help citizens enhance their awareness of the importance of national defense and acquire the basic knowledge and skills of civil air defense.

第四十六條   國家人民防空主管部門負責組織制定人民防空教育計劃，規定教育內容。在校學生的人民防空教育，由各級教育主管部門和人民防空主管部門組織實施。國家機關、社會團體、企業事業組織人員的人民防空教育，由所在單位組織實施；其他人員的人民防空教育，由城鄉基層人民政府組織實施。

Article 46 The competent national department for civil air defense shall be responsible for organizing and formulating civil air defense education plans and specifying the contents for such education. The competent education departments and the competent departments for civil air defense at various levels shall arrange civil air defense education among students at school. Civil air defense education for the personnel of State organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions shall be arranged by the units to which they belong; and such education for other persons shall be arranged by urban and rural people's governments at the grassroots level.

第四十七條   新聞、出版、廣播、電影、電視、文化等有關部門應當協助開展人民防空教育。

Article 47 The relevant departments for the press, publishing, radio, film, television and culture shall assist in developing civil air defense education.

第八章 法律責任

Chapter 8 Legal Liabilities

第四十八條   城市新建民用建築，違反國家有關規定不修建戰時可用於防空的地下室的，由縣級以上人民政府人民防空主管部門對當事人給予警告，並責令限期修建，可以並處十萬元以下的罰款。

Article 48 A party that, in violation of the relevant regulations of the State, fails to construct, in its newly-constructed building for civil use in an urban area, a basement to be used for air defense in time of war shall be given a disciplinary warning by the competent department for civil air defense of the people's government at or above the county level and be ordered to build it within a time limit, and may also be fined not more than 100,000 yuan.

第四十九條   有下列行為之一的，由縣級以上人民政府人民防空主管部門對當事人給予警告，並責令限期改正違法行為，可以對個人並處五千元以下的罰款、對單位並處一萬元至五萬元的罰款；造成損失的，應當依法賠償損失：

Article 49 A party that commits any of the following acts shall be given a disciplinary warning by the competent department for civil air defense of the people's government at or above the county level and be ordered to set it right within a time limit, and in the case of an individual a fine of not more than 5,000 may also be imposed on him and in the case of a unit a fine ranging from 10,000 to 50,000 yuan may also be imposed on it; the party shall be liable for the losses according to law, if any:

（一）侵占人民防空工程的；

1. occupying civil air defense works;

（二）不按照國家規定的防護標準和質量標準修建人民防空工程的；

2. failing to construct civil air defense works in conformity with the protection standards and quality standards established by the State;

（三）違反國家有關規定，改變人民防空工程主體結構、拆除人民防空工程設備設施或者采用其他方法危害人民防空工程的安全和使用效能的；

3. altering, in violation of the relevant regulations of the State, the major structure of civil air defense works, dismantling equipment or facilities for such works or endangering the safety or impairing the functions of the works by any other means;

（四）拆除人民防空工程後拒不補建的；

(IV) refusing to reconstruct the civil air defense works that were dismantled;

（五）占用人民防空通信專用頻率、使用與防空警報相同的音響信號或者擅自拆除人民防空通信、警報設備設施的；

(V) using the special frequency for civil air defense communications or the same acoustic signals as those used for air defense warning or dismantling, without authorization, equipment or facilities for civil air defense communications and warning; and

（六）阻撓安裝人民防空通信、警報設施，拒不改正的；

(VI) obstructing the installation of facilities of civil air defense communications and warning and refusing to rectify; or

（七）向人民防空工程內排入廢水、廢氣或者傾倒廢棄物的。

(VII) discharging waste water or gas or dumping waste material into civil air defense works.

第五十條   違反本法規定，故意損壞人民防空設施或者在人民防空工程內生產、儲存爆炸、劇毒、易燃、放射性等危險品，尚不構成犯罪的，依照治安管理處罰法的有關規定處罰；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 50 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, intentionally damages civil air defense facilities or produces or stores in civil air defense works such hazards as explosives, hypertoxics, inflammables or radioactive substances, shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law on Administrative Penalties for Public Security if the violation does not constitute a crime; otherwise, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

第五十一條   人民防空主管部門的工作人員玩忽職守、濫用職權、徇私舞弊或者有其他違法、失職行為構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪的，依法給予行政處分。

Article 51 Any member of the competent departments for civil air defense who neglects his duty, abuses his power, conducts malpractices for personal gain, or commits any other violations or negligence, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law if the case constitutes a crime; otherwise, he shall be subjected to administrative sanction according to law.

第九章 附 則

Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions

第五十二條   省、自治區、直轄市人民代表大會常務委員會可以根據本法制定實施辦法。

Article 52 The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in accordance with this Law, formulate measures for its implementation.

第五十三條   本法自1997年1月1日起施行。

Article 53 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 1997.