法律文本

中華人民共和國建築法（2019修訂）

Construction Law of the People's Republic of China (Amended in 2019)

（1997年11月1日第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十八次會議通過 根據2011年4月22日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國建築法〉的決定》第一次修正 根據2019年4月23日第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國建築法〉等八部法律的決定》第二次修正）

(Adopted at the 28th Session of the Standing Committee of the 8th National People's Congress on November 1, 1997; revised for the first time according to the Decision on Revising the Construction Law of the People's Republic of China at the 20th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on April 22, 2011; and revised for the second time according to the Decision on Revising Eight Laws including the Construction Law of the People's Republic of China at the 10th Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on April 23, 2019)

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了加強對建築活動的監督管理，維護建築市場秩序，保證建築工程的質量和安全，促進建築業健康發展，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purposes of strengthening supervision and administration of construction activities, safeguarding the order of construction market, ensuring the quality and safety of construction projects and promoting healthy development of the construction industry.

第二條   在中華人民共和國境內從事建築活動，實施對建築活動的監督管理，應當遵守本法。

Article 2. All parties which engage in construction activities within the territory of the People's Republic of China or carry out supervision and administration of construction activities must abide by this Law.

本法所稱建築活動，是指各類房屋建築及其附屬設施的建造和與其配套的線路、管道、設備的安裝活動。

Construction activities referred to in this Law shall mean construction of all types of buildings and ancillary facilities thereof and installation of complementary lines, pipelines and equipment thereof.

第三條   建築活動應當確保建築工程質量和安全，符合國家的建築工程安全標準。

Article 3 Construction activities shall ensure the quality and safety of construction projects, and shall comply with construction project safety standards of the State.

第四條   國家扶持建築業的發展，支持建築科學技術研究，提高房屋建築設計水平，鼓勵節約能源和保護環境，提倡采用先進技術、先進設備、先進工藝、新型建築材料和現代管理方式。

Article 4 The State supports the development of the construction industry, supports scientific and technological research in construction to improve the levels in the design of housing construction, encourages energy economy and environmental protection, encourages adoption of advanced technologies, advanced equipment, advanced techniques and new building materials and modern mode of management.

第五條   從事建築活動應當遵守法律、法規，不得損害社會公共利益和他人的合法權益。

Article 5 Persons engaging in construction activities shall comply with laws and regulations and shall not harm public interest and the legitimate rights and interests of others.

任何單位和個人都不得妨礙和阻撓依法進行的建築活動。

No organisation or individual shall hinder or obstruct legitimate construction activities.

第六條   國務院建設行政主管部門對全國的建築活動實施統一監督管理。

Article 6 The construction administrative authorities of the State Council shall implement unified supervision and administration of construction activities nationwide.

第二章 建 築 許 可

Chapter 2 Construction Permit

第一節 建築工程施工許可

Section 1 WORKING LICENSES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

第七條   建築工程開工前，建設單位應當按照國家有關規定向工程所在地縣級以上人民政府建設行政主管部門申請領取施工許可證；但是，國務院建設行政主管部門確定的限額以下的小型工程除外。

Article 7 Prior to commencement of a construction project, the developer shall apply to the construction administrative authorities of a People's Government of county level and above at the location of the project for a construction permit pursuant to the relevant provisions of the State, except for small projects below the limit determined by the construction administrative authorities of the State Council.

按照國務院規定的權限和程序批準開工報告的建築工程，不再領取施工許可證。

For any construction project for which the report on the start of construction has been approved in accordance with the powers and procedures specified by the State Council, the construction entity concerned shall not be required to apply for a construction permit.

第八條   申請領取施工許可證，應當具備下列條件：

Article 8 Application for a construction permit shall meet the following conditions:

（一）已經辦理該建築工程用地批準手續；

1. The formalities for the approval of land use for the construction project have been completed;

（二）依法應當辦理建設工程規劃許可證的，已經取得建設工程規劃許可證；

(II) a planning permit for construction project has been obtained where required by law;

（三）需要拆遷的，其拆遷進度符合施工要求；

(III) In case of necessity of demolition, the progress of demolition shall comply with the requirements of construction;

（四）已經確定建築施工企業；

(IV) Having determined the construction enterprise;

（五）有滿足施工需要的資金安排、施工圖紙及技術資料；

(V) Having the fund arrangement, construction drawings and technical materials needed for construction;

（六）有保證工程質量和安全的具體措施。

(VI) Having concrete measures for ensuring project quality and safety.

建設行政主管部門應當自收到申請之日起七日內，對符合條件的申請頒發施工許可證。

The construction administrative authorities shall issue a construction permit for applications which satisfy the criteria within seven days from the date of receipt of an application.

第九條   建設單位應當自領取施工許可證之日起三個月內開工。因故不能按期開工的，應當向發證機關申請延期；延期以兩次為限，每次不超過三個月。既不開工又不申請延期或者超過延期時限的，施工許可證自行廢止。

Article 9 The construction entity shall start construction within three months of the date on which it obtains the construction permit. For inability to start the construction in time due to unforeseen reasons, an application for extension shall be filed with the permit issuing authority; there shall be no more than two extensions and each extension shall not exceed three months. If the construction entity neither starts construction nor applies for extension or exceeds the extension period, the construction permit shall be automatically repealed.

第十條   在建的建築工程因故中止施工的，建設單位應當自中止施工之日起一個月內，向發證機關報告，並按照規定做好建築工程的維護管理工作。

Article 10 For suspension of construction of a construction project under construction due to unforeseen reasons, the construction unit shall, within one month from the date of suspension of the construction, submit a report to the permit-issuing organ and carry out maintenance and administration of the construction project in accordance with rules.

建築工程恢複施工時，應當向發證機關報告；中止施工滿一年的工程恢複施工前，建設單位應當報發證機關核驗施工許可證。

When the construction project resumes construction, a report shall be submitted to the permit issuing authorities; before a project which has suspended construction for a year resumes construction, the developer shall apply to the permit issuing authorities for verification of the construction permit.

第十一條   按照國務院有關規定批準開工報告的建築工程，因故不能按期開工或者中止施工的，應當及時向批準機關報告情況。因故不能按期開工超過六個月的，應當重新辦理開工報告的批準手續。

Article 11 For inability to start construction in time or suspension of construction due to unforeseen reasons, a construction project the report for the start of construction of which has been approved pursuant to the relevant provisions of the State Council shall submit a report to the approval authority in time on the situation. If, for some reason, work cannot begin on schedule and is delayed for more than six (6) months, the applicant must undertake the approval procedures for the work commencement report again.

第二節 從 業 資 格

Section 2 Qualification

第十二條   從事建築活動的建築施工企業、勘察單位、設計單位和工程監理單位，應當具備下列條件：

Article 12 Construction enterprises, survey units, design units and project supervision units engaging in construction activities shall satisfy the following criteria:

（一）有符合國家規定的注冊資本；

1. Having registered capital conforming to state provisions;

（二）有與其從事的建築活動相適應的具有法定執業資格的專業技術人員；

(II) Having specialized technical personnel with qualifications for legal operations commensurate with the construction activities engaged in;

（三）有從事相關建築活動所應有的技術裝備；

(III) Having technical equipment for engaging in related construction activities; and

（四）法律、行政法規規定的其他條件。

(IV) Other conditions prescribed by laws and administrative regulations.

第十三條   從事建築活動的建築施工企業、勘察單位、設計單位和工程監理單位，按照其擁有的注冊資本、專業技術人員、技術裝備和已完成的建築工程業績等資質條件，劃分為不同的資質等級，經資質審查合格，取得相應等級的資質證書後，方可在其資質等級許可的範圍內從事建築活動。

Article 13 Construction enterprises, survey units, design units and project supervision units engaging in construction activities shall be classified under different qualification grade based on qualification criteria such as their registered capital, technical professionals, technical equipment owned and track records of completed construction projects, etc, and may engage in construction activities within the scope permitted by their qualification grade upon passing examination of qualifications and obtaining the qualification certificate of corresponding grade.

第十四條   從事建築活動的專業技術人員，應當依法取得相應的執業資格證書，並在執業資格證書許可的範圍內從事建築活動。

Article 14 Technical professionals engaging in construction activities shall obtain the corresponding practice qualification certificate pursuant to the law, and engage in construction activities within the scope permitted by the practice qualification certificate.

第三章 建築工程發包與承包

Chapter III Contract Issuance and Contracting of Construction Projects

第一節 一 般 規 定

Section 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

第十五條   建築工程的發包單位與承包單位應當依法訂立書面合同，明確雙方的權利和義務。

Article 15 The contract-awarding unit and the contractor of a construction project shall enter into a written contract pursuant to the law to specify the rights and obligations of both parties.

發包單位和承包單位應當全面履行合同約定的義務。不按照合同約定履行義務的，依法承擔違約責任。

The awarding organisation and the contractor shall perform the obligations agreed in the contract fully. Where any party fails to perform the obligations in accordance with the contract, the said party shall be liable for breach of contract in accordance with the law.

第十六條   建築工程發包與承包的招標投標活動，應當遵循公開、公正、平等競爭的原則，擇優選擇承包單位。

Article 16 Invitation to tender and bidding of the tender of contract issuance and contracting of a construction project shall follow the principle of openness, fairness and equal competition and the contracting unit shall be selected on merit.

建築工程的招標投標，本法沒有規定的，適用有關招標投標法律的規定。

For invitation to tender and bidding of the tender of construction projects not prescribed in this Law, provisions of laws relating to invitation to tender and bidding of the tender shall apply.

第十七條   發包單位及其工作人員在建築工程發包中不得收受賄賂、回扣或者索取其他好處。

Article 17 A contract issuing unit and its staff members, in the contract issuance of a construction project, shall not accept bribes and commissions or seek other benefits.

承包單位及其工作人員不得利用向發包單位及其工作人員行賄、提供回扣或者給予其他好處等不正當手段承攬工程。

A contractor and its employees must not offer a contract issuer bribes or commissions, give other benefits or use other improper means to contract a project.

第十八條   建築工程造價應當按照國家有關規定，由發包單位與承包單位在合同中約定。公開招標發包的，其造價的約定，須遵守招標投標法律的規定。

Article 18. The cost of a construction project must be agreed on in the contract by the contract issuer and the contractor in accordance with relevant State regulations. For projects subject to public bidding, the construction cost shall be agreed upon in line with the provisions of the tendering law.

發包單位應當按照合同的約定，及時撥付工程款項。

The contract-awarding unit shall promptly make project payments pursuant to the provisions of the contract.

第二節 發 包

Section 2 Contracting-Out

第十九條   建築工程依法實行招標發包，對不適於招標發包的可以直接發包。

Article 19 Construction projects shall practice contract issuance by invitation to tender in accordance with law; those construction projects not suitable for contract issuance by invitation to tender may adopt direct contract issuance.

第二十條   建築工程實行公開招標的，發包單位應當依照法定程序和方式，發布招標公告，提供載有招標工程的主要技術要求、主要的合同條款、評標的標準和方法以及開標、評標、定標的程序等內容的招標文件。

Article 20 For a construction project for invitation to open tender, the contract issuing unit shall, pursuant to the legal procedures and mode, publish a tender notice providing tender documents carrying such contents as major technical requirements of the project open to tender, main articles of the contract, standards and methods of bid evaluation as well as procedures of bid opening, bid evaluation and bid finalization.

開標應當在招標文件規定的時間、地點公開進行。開標後應當按照招標文件規定的評標標準和程序對標書進行評價、比較，在具備相應資質條件的投標者中，擇優選定中標者。

Bid opening shall be carried out in public at the time and place specified in the tender documents. After the opening of tenders, all tender documents shall be evaluated and compared in accordance with the evaluation standards and procedures as stipulated in the tender documents. The tenderer with the appropriate qualifications shall be selected as the winning tenderer on merit.

第二十一條   建築工程招標的開標、評標、定標由建設單位依法組織實施，並接受有關行政主管部門的監督。

Article 21. A construction unit will organise the implementation of the opening of tenders, tender evaluation and tender selection for a construction project in accordance with the law and will accept supervision from the relevant department in charge of administration.

第二十二條   建築工程實行招標發包的，發包單位應當將建築工程發包給依法中標的承包單位。建築工程實行直接發包的，發包單位應當將建築工程發包給具有相應資質條件的承包單位。

Article 22 For a construction project following contract issuance through tender, the contract issuing unit shall award the contract of the construction project to the contracting unit winning the bid in accordance with law. For a construction project following direct contract issuance, the contract issuing unit shall award the contract of the construction project to the contracting unit with corresponding human quality qualifications.

第二十三條   政府及其所屬部門不得濫用行政權力，限定發包單位將招標發包的建築工程發包給指定的承包單位。

Article 23 The Government and its subordinate departments shall not abuse their administrative powers in restricting contract issuing units in awarding contracts of construction projects following contract issuance through tenders to designated contracting units.

第二十四條   提倡對建築工程實行總承包，禁止將建築工程肢解發包。

Article 24 General contracting of construction projects shall be encouraged and dismemberment of contract issuance of construction projects shall be prohibited.

建築工程的發包單位可以將建築工程的勘察、設計、施工、設備采購一並發包給一個工程總承包單位，也可以將建築工程勘察、設計、施工、設備采購的一項或者多項發包給一個工程總承包單位；但是，不得將應當由一個承包單位完成的建築工程肢解成若幹部分發包給幾個承包單位。

The contract-awarding unit of a construction project may award the contract for the construction project's survey, design, construction and procurement of equipment to a general contractor of the project or award one contract or several contracts for the construction project's survey, design, construction and procurement of equipment to a general contractor of the project; but shall not break up a construction project which should be completed by a contractor into several parts to award several contracts to several contractors.

第二十五條   按照合同約定，建築材料、建築構配件和設備由工程承包單位采購的，發包單位不得指定承包單位購入用於工程的建築材料、建築構配件和設備或者指定生產廠、供應商。

Article 25 For building materials, building structural pieces and parts and equipment to be procured by the contracting unit of the project pursuant to the agreement in the contract, the contract issuing unit shall not designate the contracting unit in the procurement of building materials, building structural pieces and parts and equipment for the project, nor shall it designate the manufacturers and suppliers of the same.

第三節 承 包

Section 3 Contract

第二十六條   承包建築工程的單位應當持有依法取得的資質證書，並在其資質等級許可的業務範圍內承攬工程。

Article 26 The contracting units of construction projects shall contract projects with human quality certificates obtained in accordance with law and within the business scope permitted by their human quality grades.

禁止建築施工企業超越本企業資質等級許可的業務範圍或者以任何形式用其他建築施工企業的名義承攬工程。禁止建築施工企業以任何形式允許其他單位或者個人使用本企業的資質證書、營業執照，以本企業的名義承攬工程。

Building construction enterprises shall be prohibited to contract projects beyond the business scope permitted by their respective human quality grades or in the name of other Building construction enterprises in any form. Construction enterprises shall be prohibited from allowing another organisation or individual to use their qualification certificate or business licence to contract projects in any form in their name.

第二十七條   大型建築工程或者結構複雜的建築工程，可以由兩個以上的承包單位聯合共同承包。共同承包的各方對承包合同的履行承擔連帶責任。

Article 27 Large construction projects or structurally complex construction projects may be jointly contracted by two or more contractors. Parties to joint project contracting shall bear joint responsibilities for the implementation of the contract.

兩個以上不同資質等級的單位實行聯合共同承包的，應當按照資質等級低的單位的業務許可範圍承攬工程。

In the case of a joint contract by more than two units with different human quality grades, the project shall be contracted in accordance with the scope of business permit of the unit with lower human quality grade.

第二十八條   禁止承包單位將其承包的全部建築工程轉包給他人，禁止承包單位將其承包的全部建築工程肢解以後以分包的名義分別轉包給他人。

Article 28 Subcontracting to others of the entire construction project contracted by the contracting unit shall be prohibited. Subcontracting to others in the name of subcontracting after dismemberment of the entire construction project contracted by the contracting unit shall be prohibited.

第二十九條   建築工程總承包單位可以將承包工程中的部分工程發包給具有相應資質條件的分包單位；但是，除總承包合同中約定的分包外，必須經建設單位認可。施工總承包的，建築工程主體結構的施工必須由總承包單位自行完成。

Article 29 The general contracting unit of a construction project may award contracts of parts of the contracted project to subcontracting units with corresponding human quality qualifications; however, except for the subcontracting agreed upon in the general contracting contract, acknowledgement of the construction unit shall be obtained. With regard to overall project contracting, the construction of the main structure of the project shall be completed by the overall contracting units.

建築工程總承包單位按照總承包合同的約定對建設單位負責；分包單位按照分包合同的約定對總承包單位負責。總承包單位和分包單位就分包工程對建設單位承擔連帶責任。

The general contractor of the construction project shall be accountable to the developer pursuant to the agreement in the turnkey contract; subcontractors shall be accountable to the general contractor pursuant to the agreement in the subcontract. The general contractor and the subcontractors will bear joint and several liability to the construction unit in respect of the subcontracted work.

禁止總承包單位將工程分包給不具備相應資質條件的單位。禁止分包單位將其承包的工程再分包。

The general contractor shall be prohibited from subcontracting a project to units which do not possess the corresponding qualifications. Subcontractors shall be prohibited from further subcontracting their subcontracted work.

第四章 建築工程監理

Chapter IV Construction Project Supervision and Control

第三十條   國家推行建築工程監理制度。

Article 30 The State practices the construction project supervision and control system.

國務院可以規定實行強制監理的建築工程的範圍。

The State Council may stipulate the scope of construction projects for mandatory supervision.

第三十一條   實行監理的建築工程，由建設單位委托具有相應資質條件的工程監理單位監理。建設單位與其委托的工程監理單位應當訂立書面委托監理合同。

Article 31 Construction projects which implement supervision shall be supervised by a project supervision unit with the corresponding qualification criteria entrusted by the developer. The developer and the entrusted project supervision unit shall enter into a written contract for entrusted supervision.

第三十二條   建築工程監理應當依照法律、行政法規及有關的技術標準、設計文件和建築工程承包合同，對承包單位在施工質量、建設工期和建設資金使用等方面，代表建設單位實施監督。

Article 32 Construction project supervision shall comply with laws, administrative regulations and the relevant technical standards, design documents and the construction project contract, and supervision shall be implemented on behalf of the developer for construction quality, construction period and use of construction funds by the contractor, etc.

工程監理人員認為工程施工不符合工程設計要求、施工技術標準和合同約定的，有權要求建築施工企業改正。

When project supervising personnel think the construction work is not in line with the requirements of project design, technical standards for construction and the terms of the contracts, they have the right to demand corrections from the construction units.

工程監理人員發現工程設計不符合建築工程質量標準或者合同約定的質量要求的，應當報告建設單位要求設計單位改正。

Project supervision personnel shall report to the developer the requirement for the design unit to make correction upon discovery that the project design does not comply with the construction project quality standards or the quality requirements agreed in the contract.

第三十三條   實施建築工程監理前，建設單位應當將委托的工程監理單位、監理的內容及監理權限，書面通知被監理的建築施工企業。

Article 33 Prior to implementation of construction project supervision, the developer shall notify the construction enterprise subject to supervision in writing of the entrusted project supervision unit, supervision contents and supervision authority.

第三十四條   工程監理單位應當在其資質等級許可的監理範圍內，承擔工程監理業務。

Article 34 An engineering supervision and control unit shall undertake engineering supervision and control business within the scope of supervision and control permitted for its human quality grade.

工程監理單位應當根據建設單位的委托，客觀、公正地執行監理任務。

Project supervision units shall execute supervision tasks pursuant to the entrustment of the developer in an objective and fair manner.

工程監理單位與被監理工程的承包單位以及建築材料、建築構配件和設備供應單位不得有隸屬關系或者其他利害關系。

A project supervision unit shall not be affiliated with or be a stakeholder in the contractor of the project under supervision as well as the suppliers of the construction materials, structural components and fittings and equipment.

工程監理單位不得轉讓工程監理業務。

No project supervision entity may transfer any project supervision services.

第三十五條   工程監理單位不按照委托監理合同的約定履行監理義務，對應當監督檢查的項目不檢查或者不按照規定檢查，給建設單位造成損失的，應當承擔相應的賠償責任。

Article 35 Project supervision units which failed to perform supervision obligations pursuant to the agreement in the entrusted supervision contract or failed to inspect the items which should be supervised and inspected or failed to inspect the items which should be supervised and inspected pursuant to the provisions and cause the developer to suffer losses shall bear the corresponding compensation liability.

工程監理單位與承包單位串通，為承包單位謀取非法利益，給建設單位造成損失的，應當與承包單位承擔連帶賠償責任。

A project supervision unit which conspires with a contractor to seek illegal gains for the contractor and causes the developer to suffer losses shall bear compensation liability jointly and severally with the contractor.

第五章 建築安全生產管理

Chapter 5 Construction Production Safety Management

第三十六條   建築工程安全生產管理必須堅持安全第一、預防為主的方針，建立健全安全生產的責任制度和群防群治制度。

Article 36 Construction project production safety management must adhere to the policy of safety first and prevention foremost, establish and perfect the responsibility system of production safety and the system of prevention and treatment by the masses.

第三十七條   建築工程設計應當符合按照國家規定制定的建築安全規程和技術規範，保證工程的安全性能。

Article 37 Construction project design shall comply with the construction safety procedures and technical specifications stipulated and formulated by the State to ensure safety performance of the project.

第三十八條   建築施工企業在編制施工組織設計時，應當根據建築工程的特點制定相應的安全技術措施；對專業性較強的工程項目，應當編制專項安全施工組織設計，並采取安全技術措施。

Article 38 A building construction enterprise shall work out corresponding safety technical measures according to the characteristics of the construction project in the compilation of design for construction organization; for specialty-intensive projects, design for special-purpose safety construction organization shall be compiled and safety technical measures taken.

第三十九條   建築施工企業應當在施工現場采取維護安全、防範危險、預防火災等措施；有條件的，應當對施工現場實行封閉管理。

Article 39 Construction enterprises shall adopt measures for maintenance of safety, prevention of dangers, fire disasters, etc at construction sites; where the conditions allow, construction sites shall implement closed-off management.

施工現場對毗鄰的建築物、構築物和特殊作業環境可能造成損害的，建築施工企業應當采取安全防護措施。

When the construction site may cause damages to the adjacent buildings, structures and special operating environment, the construction enterprises shall adopt safety and preventive measures.

第四十條   建設單位應當向建築施工企業提供與施工現場相關的地下管線資料，建築施工企業應當采取措施加以保護。

Article 40 The developer shall provide underground pipeline information relating to the construction site to the construction enterprise, the construction enterprise shall adopt measures for protection.

第四十一條   建築施工企業應當遵守有關環境保護和安全生產的法律、法規的規定，采取控制和處理施工現場的各種粉塵、廢氣、廢水、固體廢物以及噪聲、振動對環境的汙染和危害的措施。

Article 41 The building construction enterprise shall abide by the provisions of the laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and safety in production and take control and disposal measures at the construction site of various kinds of dust, waste gas, waste water, solid waste as well as noise, vibration polluting and damaging the environment.

第四十二條   有下列情形之一的，建設單位應當按照國家有關規定辦理申請批準手續：

Article 42 A construction unit shall, pursuant to the relevant state provisions, go through the formalities of application for approval in case of any of the following circumstances:

（一）需要臨時占用規劃批準範圍以外場地的；

1. Need of temporarily occupying places outside the approved planned scope;

（二）可能損壞道路、管線、電力、郵電通訊等公共設施的；

(II) Possibility of damaging such public facilities as roads, pipes and cables, electricity, postal service and telecommunications;

（三）需要臨時停水、停電、中斷道路交通的；

(III) Need of temporary suspension of water, power and road traffic;

（四）需要進行爆破作業的；

(IV) Need to conduct blasting operation; and

（五）法律、法規規定需要辦理報批手續的其他情形。

(V) Other circumstances required by laws and regulations.

第四十三條   建設行政主管部門負責建築安全生產的管理，並依法接受勞動行政主管部門對建築安全生產的指導和監督。

Article 43 The competent department of construction administration shall be responsible for the administration of construction safety in production and subject to the guidance and supervision of the competent department of labor in construction safety in production in accordance with law.

第四十四條   建築施工企業必須依法加強對建築安全生產的管理，執行安全生產責任制度，采取有效措施，防止傷亡和其他安全生產事故的發生。

Article 44 A building construction enterprise must, in accordance with law, strengthen construction safety production management, implement the safety production responsibility system and take effective measures to prevent casualties and other accidents in safety production from taking place.

建築施工企業的法定代表人對本企業的安全生產負責。

The legal representative of a building construction enterprise will be responsible for work safety within the enterprise.

第四十五條   施工現場安全由建築施工企業負責。實行施工總承包的，由總承包單位負責。分包單位向總承包單位負責，服從總承包單位對施工現場的安全生產管理。

Article 45 Construction enterprises are responsible for the safety at construction sites. The overall contraction unit shall be responsible for the fire safety of a construction project under the general contracting. Subcontractors will be responsible to the general contractor and must obey the work safety management measures of the general contractor in respect of a construction site.

第四十六條   建築施工企業應當建立健全勞動安全生產教育培訓制度，加強對職工安全生產的教育培訓；未經安全生產教育培訓的人員，不得上崗作業。

Article 46 Building construction enterprises shall establish and perfect the educational training system of safety in labor and production, step up the education and training of workers and staff members in safety in production; no personnel without undergoing education and training in safety in production shall take up posts in operations.

第四十七條   建築施工企業和作業人員在施工過程中，應當遵守有關安全生產的法律、法規和建築行業安全規章、規程，不得違章指揮或者違章作業。作業人員有權對影響人身健康的作業程序和作業條件提出改進意見，有權獲得安全生產所需的防護用品。作業人員對危及生命安全和人身健康的行為有權提出批評、檢舉和控告。

Article 47 Building construction enterprises and their personnel shall, in the process of construction, abide by the laws and regulations relating to safety in production and safety rules and regulations of the construction industry, and shall not give command in contravention of regulations or operate in contravention of regulations. Working personnel are entitled to forward proposals for improving the operating programs and conditions which adversely affect health and to obtain protective equipment as required for safe operation. Working personnel shall have the right to criticise, inform against and bring charges against acts endangering life and health.

第四十八條   建築施工企業應當依法為職工參加工傷保險繳納工傷保險費。鼓勵企業為從事危險作業的職工辦理意外傷害保險，支付保險費。

Article 48 Construction enterprises shall contribute work injury insurance premiums for employees participating in work injury insurance pursuant to the law. Enterprises shall be encouraged to take out accident insurance and pay premiums for employees engaging in dangerous operation.

第四十九條   涉及建築主體和承重結構變動的裝修工程，建設單位應當在施工前委托原設計單位或者具有相應資質條件的設計單位提出設計方案；沒有設計方案的，不得施工。

Article 49 For renovation which involves changes to the main structure of a building and its load- bearing structure, the developer shall, prior to construction, entrust the original design unit or a design unit which possesses the corresponding qualification criteria to propose a design scheme; no construction shall be carried out without a design scheme.

第五十條   房屋拆除應當由具備保證安全條件的建築施工單位承擔，由建築施工單位負責人對安全負責。

Article 50 Demolition of building shall be undertaken by a construction unit which is able to ensure safety and the person-in-charge of the construction unit shall be responsible for the safety.

第五十一條   施工中發生事故時，建築施工企業應當采取緊急措施減少人員傷亡和事故損失，並按照國家有關規定及時向有關部門報告。

Article 51 In the event of an accident in the process of construction, the building construction enterprise shall take emergency measures to reduce casualties of personnel and losses caused by the accident, and submit a report in time to the departments concerned pursuant to relevant state provisions.

第六章 建築工程質量管理

Chapter 6 Quality Management of Construction Projects

第五十二條   建築工程勘察、設計、施工的質量必須符合國家有關建築工程安全標準的要求，具體管理辦法由國務院規定。

Article 52. The quality of a construction project's survey, design and construction work must meet the requirements of the State's safety standards for construction projects. The State Council will stipulate detailed administrative measures.

有關建築工程安全的國家標準不能適應確保建築安全的要求時，應當及時修訂。

State standards for construction project safety must be amended in a timely fashion if they are unable to guarantee construction safety.

第五十三條   國家對從事建築活動的單位推行質量體系認證制度。從事建築活動的單位根據自願原則可以向國務院產品質量監督管理部門或者國務院產品質量監督管理部門授權的部門認可的認證機構申請質量體系認證。經認證合格的，由認證機構頒發質量體系認證證書。

Article 53 The State implements quality certification system for organisations engaging in construction activities. Units engaging in construction activities may, in accordance with the principle of voluntarism, apply for quality system authentication to authentication agencies acknowledged by the department of product quality supervision administration under the State Council or by the authorized departments of the department of product quality supervision administration under the State Council. Authentication agencies shall issue quality authentication certificates to those who pass the authentication.

第五十四條   建設單位不得以任何理由，要求建築設計單位或者建築施工企業在工程設計或者施工作業中，違反法律、行政法規和建築工程質量、安全標準，降低工程質量。

Article 54 No construction unit shall, with whatever reasons, ask the building design unit or building construction enterprise to lower the project quality in project design or construction operations in violation of the laws, administrative regulations and quality and safety standards of construction projects.

建築設計單位和建築施工企業對建設單位違反前款規定提出的降低工程質量的要求，應當予以拒絕。

The building design unit and building construction enterprise shall refuse the request of a developer for lowering project quality in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

第五十五條   建築工程實行總承包的，工程質量由工程總承包單位負責，總承包單位將建築工程分包給其他單位的，應當對分包工程的質量與分包單位承擔連帶責任。分包單位應當接受總承包單位的質量管理。

Article 55 For a construction project under general contract, the general contracting unit shall be responsible for the project quality. In the case of the general contracting unit subcontracting out the construction project to other units, the former shall bear joint responsibility with the subcontracting units of the quality of the subcontracted projects. Subcontractors shall accept quality management by the general contractor.

第五十六條   建築工程的勘察、設計單位必須對其勘察、設計的質量負責。勘察、設計文件應當符合有關法律、行政法規的規定和建築工程質量、安全標準、建築工程勘察、設計技術規範以及合同的約定。設計文件選用的建築材料、建築構配件和設備，應當注明其規格、型號、性能等技術指標，其質量要求必須符合國家規定的標準。

Article 56 The survey and design units of a construction project shall be responsible for the quality of their survey and design. Survey and design documents shall comply with the provisions of the relevant laws and administrative regulations and construction project quality and safety standards, construction project survey and design technical specifications and the contractual agreement. Such technical indexes as the specifications, types and performance of the construction materials, components, fittings and equipment selected in the design documents shall be indicated and their quality requirements shall conform to the standards prescribed by the State.

第五十七條   建築設計單位對設計文件選用的建築材料、建築構配件和設備，不得指定生產廠、供應商。

Article 57 No building design unit shall designate manufacturers or suppliers of the building materials, building structural pieces and parts and equipment selected in the design documents.

第五十八條   建築施工企業對工程的施工質量負責。

Article 58 Construction enterprises are responsible for the quality of construction projects.

建築施工企業必須按照工程設計圖紙和施工技術標準施工，不得偷工減料。工程設計的修改由原設計單位負責，建築施工企業不得擅自修改工程設計。

Construction enterprises must carry out construction operation in accordance with design drawings of projects and construction technical standards, and shall not cheat on work and materials. The original design unit shall be responsible for amendment of project design, the construction enterprise shall not amend project design arbitrarily.

第五十九條   建築施工企業必須按照工程設計要求、施工技術標準和合同的約定，對建築材料、建築構配件和設備進行檢驗，不合格的不得使用。

Article 59 Construction enterprises shall inspect construction materials, structural components and fittings and equipment pursuant to project design requirements, construction technical standards and contractual agreement, and shall not use construction materials, structural components and fittings and equipment which do not pass inspection.

第六十條   建築物在合理使用壽命內，必須確保地基基礎工程和主體結構的質量。

Article 60 A building must ensure the quality of its ground foundation project and the main part of the structure within its life expectancy of rational use.

建築工程竣工時，屋頂、牆面不得留有滲漏、開裂等質量缺陷；對已發現的質量缺陷，建築施工企業應當修複。

Upon completion of a construction project, there shall not be any quality defects such as leaks or cracks in the roofs and walls; the construction enterprise shall repair such quality defects, if found.

第六十一條   交付竣工驗收的建築工程，必須符合規定的建築工程質量標準，有完整的工程技術經濟資料和經簽署的工程保修書，並具備國家規定的其他竣工條件。

Article 61 A completed construction project which is delivered for acceptance inspection shall comply with the stipulated construction project quality standards, there shall be complete technical and economic data of the project and a signed project warranty, and other completion criteria stipulated by the State shall be satisfied.

建築工程竣工經驗收合格後，方可交付使用；未經驗收或者驗收不合格的，不得交付使用。

A construction project may only be delivered for use upon passing acceptance inspection; construction projects which have not undergone acceptance inspection or do not pass acceptance inspection shall not be delivered for use.

第六十二條   建築工程實行質量保修制度。

Article 62 Construction projects practice the quality warranty system.

建築工程的保修範圍應當包括地基基礎工程、主體結構工程、屋面防水工程和其他土建工程，以及電氣管線、上下水管線的安裝工程，供熱、供冷系統工程等項目；保修的期限應當按照保證建築物合理壽命年限內正常使用，維護使用者合法權益的原則確定。具體的保修範圍和最低保修期限由國務院規定。

The scope of warranty of a construction project shall include the ground foundation project, main structural project, roof waterproofing project and other civil engineering projects as well as installation projects of electrical wiring and water piping and drainage and projects of the heating and cooling systems; the warranty period shall be determined in accordance with the principles of ensuring normal use of the building within its reasonable lifespan and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of users. The specific scope of warranty and minimum warranty period shall be stipulated by the State Council.

第六十三條   任何單位和個人對建築工程的質量事故、質量缺陷都有權向建設行政主管部門或者其他有關部門進行檢舉、控告、投訴。

Article 63 Any unit or individual has the right to report to, file a charge or lodge a complaint with the competent department of construction administration or other departments concerned about quality accidents and quality defects of construction projects.

第七章 法 律 責 任

Chapter 7 Legal Liability

第六十四條   違反本法規定，未取得施工許可證或者開工報告未經批準擅自施工的，責令改正，對不符合開工條件的責令停止施工，可以處以罰款。

Article 64 For construction on one's own without obtaining a building permit or without obtaining approval of the report for the start of construction in violation of the provisions of this Law, an order shall be issued for making corrections; that which does not conform to the conditions for the start of construction shall be ordered to stop construction and may be imposed a fine.

第六十五條   發包單位將工程發包給不具有相應資質條件的承包單位的，或者違反本法規定將建築工程肢解發包的，責令改正，處以罰款。

Article 65 Contract-awarding units which award contracts to contractors which do not possess the corresponding qualification criteria or violate the provisions of this Law in breaking up a construction project for awarding contracts shall be ordered to make correction and be subject to a fine.

超越本單位資質等級承攬工程的，責令停止違法行為，處以罰款，可以責令停業整頓，降低資質等級；情節嚴重的，吊銷資質證書；有違法所得的，予以沒收。

For contracting a project beyond the human quality grade of the unit, the violator shall be ordered to stop the illegal act and imposed a fine, it may be ordered to suspend operations for consolidation and lower its human quality grade; where the circumstances are serious, its human quality certificate shall be revoked; where there are illegal gains, they shall be confiscated.

未取得資質證書承攬工程的，予以取締，並處罰款；有違法所得的，予以沒收。

Contractors contracting projects without obtaining a qualification certificate shall be banned and be subject to a fine; illegal income, if any, shall be confiscated.

以欺騙手段取得資質證書的，吊銷資質證書，處以罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

If a unit uses fraudulent means to obtain a credentials certificate, its credentials certificate will be revoked and a fine will be imposed. If the case constitutes a crime, criminal liability will be pursued in accordance with the law.

第六十六條   建築施工企業轉讓、出借資質證書或者以其他方式允許他人以本企業的名義承攬工程的，責令改正，沒收違法所得，並處罰款，可以責令停業整頓，降低資質等級；情節嚴重的，吊銷資質證書。對因該項承攬工程不符合規定的質量標準造成的損失，建築施工企業與使用本企業名義的單位或者個人承擔連帶賠償責任。

Article 66 Any building construction enterprise that transfers or lends its human quality certificate or permits others to contract a project in the name of the enterprise in other forms shall be ordered to make a rectification, its illegal gains shall be confiscated and a fine imposed, and may be ordered to suspend operations for consolidation and lower its human quality grade; where the circumstances are serious, the human quality certificate shall be revoked. For losses resulting from non-compliance with the stipulated quality standards for the said contracted project, the construction enterprise and the organisation or individual that uses the enterprise's name shall bear compensation liability jointly and severally.

第六十七條   承包單位將承包的工程轉包的，或者違反本法規定進行分包的，責令改正，沒收違法所得，並處罰款，可以責令停業整頓，降低資質等級；情節嚴重的，吊銷資質證書。

Article 67 Any contracting unit that subcontracts its contracted project or subcontracts it in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be ordered to make a rectification, its illegal gains shall be confiscated, and a fine imposed, may be ordered to suspend operations for consolidation and lower its human quality grade; where the circumstances are serious, the human quality certificate shall be revoked.

承包單位有前款規定的違法行為的，對因轉包工程或者違法分包的工程不符合規定的質量標準造成的損失，與接受轉包或者分包的單位承擔連帶賠償責任。

Contractors guilty of committing an illegal act stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall bear compensation liability jointly and severally with the transferee unit or subcontractor unit for losses resulting from the non-compliance of the transferred project or illegally subcontracted project with the stipulated quality standards.

第六十八條   在工程發包與承包中索賄、受賄、行賄，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；不構成犯罪的，分別處以罰款，沒收賄賂的財物，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員給予處分。

Article 68 Whoever seeks bribes, accepts bribes or gives bribes in issuing contract of a project or contracting a project shall, if a crime has been constituted, be investigated of criminal liability; where a crime has not been constituted, fines shall be imposed separately, property of bribes confiscated, and sanctions imposed on the person-in-charge held directly responsible and other persons directly responsible.

對在工程承包中行賄的承包單位，除依照前款規定處罰外，可以責令停業整頓，降低資質等級或者吊銷資質證書。

In addition to the penalties prescribed in the preceding paragraph, any contracting unit that gives bribes in the contracting of a project may be ordered to suspend operations for consolidation, lower its human quality grade or its human quality certificate revoked.

第六十九條   工程監理單位與建設單位或者建築施工企業串通，弄虛作假、降低工程質量的，責令改正，處以罰款，降低資質等級或者吊銷資質證書；有違法所得的，予以沒收；造成損失的，承擔連帶賠償責任；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 69 Any project supervision and control unit that acts in collusion with the construction unit or building construction enterprise, practising fraud and lowering project quality shall be ordered to make a rectification, imposed a fine and its human quality grade shall be lowered or the human quality certificate revoked; where there are illegal gains, they shall be confiscated; where losses have been caused, joint responsibility for compensation shall be borne; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

工程監理單位轉讓監理業務的，責令改正，沒收違法所得，可以責令停業整頓，降低資質等級；情節嚴重的，吊銷資質證書。

Any project supervision and control unit that transfers its supervision and control business shall be ordered to make a rectification, its illegal gains shall be confiscated, it may be ordered to suspend operations for consolidation and lower its human quality grade; where the circumstances are serious, the human quality certificate shall be revoked.

第七十條   違反本法規定，涉及建築主體或者承重結構變動的裝修工程擅自施工的，責令改正，處以罰款；造成損失的，承擔賠償責任；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 70 Any construction of a decoration project without authorization involving the main part of a building or changes in the weight- bearing structure in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be ordered to make a rectification and imposed a fine; where losses have been caused, liability for compensation shall be borne; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

第七十一條   建築施工企業違反本法規定，對建築安全事故隱患不采取措施予以消除的，責令改正，可以處以罰款；情節嚴重的，責令停業整頓，降低資質等級或者吊銷資質證書；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 71 Any building construction enterprise that fails to take measures to eliminate the hidden causes of safety accidents in construction in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be ordered to make a rectification and may be imposed a fine; where the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend operations for consolidation and lower its human quality grade or its human quality certificate shall be revoked; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

建築施工企業的管理人員違章指揮、強令職工冒險作業，因而發生重大傷亡事故或者造成其他嚴重後果的，依法追究刑事責任。

The management personnel of a building construction enterprise who violate rules and regulations by directing or ordering employees to carry out dangerous work will have their criminal liability pursued in accordance with the law if their actions result in an accident where there are serious injuries or fatalities or other serious consequences.

第七十二條   建設單位違反本法規定，要求建築設計單位或者建築施工企業違反建築工程質量、安全標準，降低工程質量的，責令改正，可以處以罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 72 Any construction unit that asks the building design unit or building construction enterprise to lower project quality in contravention of construction project quality and safety standards in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be ordered to make a rectification and may be imposed a fine; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

第七十三條   建築設計單位不按照建築工程質量、安全標準進行設計的，責令改正，處以罰款；造成工程質量事故的，責令停業整頓，降低資質等級或者吊銷資質證書，沒收違法所得，並處罰款；造成損失的，承擔賠償責任；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 73 Any building design unit that fails to design in accordance with construction project quality and safety standards shall be ordered to make a rectification and imposed a fine; the unit that has caused an accident in project quality shall be ordered to suspend operations for consolidation, lower its human quality grade or its human quality certificate shall be revoked, the illegal gains confiscated and a fine imposed; where losses have been caused, liability for compensation shall be borne; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

第七十四條   建築施工企業在施工中偷工減料的，使用不合格的建築材料、建築構配件和設備的，或者有其他不按照工程設計圖紙或者施工技術標準施工的行為的，責令改正，處以罰款；情節嚴重的，責令停業整頓，降低資質等級或者吊銷資質證書；造成建築工程質量不符合規定的質量標準的，負責返工、修理，並賠償因此造成的損失；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 74 Any building construction enterprise that engages in jerry -building, uses substandard building materials, building structural pieces and parts and equipment or commits other acts of not complying with the design drawings or the technical standards for the construction project in the construction shall be ordered to make a rectification and imposed a fine; where the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend operations for consolidation and lower its human quality grade or its human quality certificate shall be revoked; where the quality of the construction project does not conform to the prescribed quality standards, it shall be responsible for rework and repairs and shall compensate for the losses thus caused; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

第七十五條   建築施工企業違反本法規定，不履行保修義務或者拖延履行保修義務的，責令改正，可以處以罰款，並對在保修期內因屋頂、牆面滲漏、開裂等質量缺陷造成的損失，承擔賠償責任。

Article 75 Any building construction enterprise that fails to fulfill its obligations of warranty or delays to fulfill its obligations of warranty in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be ordered to make a rectification, may be imposed a fine, and shall bear the liability of compensation for the losses caused by such quality flaws as leakage and seepage in roofs and on wall surfaces during the warranty period.

第七十六條   本法規定的責令停業整頓、降低資質等級和吊銷資質證書的行政處罰，由頒發資質證書的機關決定；其他行政處罰，由建設行政主管部門或者有關部門依照法律和國務院規定的職權範圍決定。

Article 76 The administrative penalties of ordering suspension of operations for consolidation, lowering the human quality grade and revoking the human quality certificate prescribed in this Law shall be decided upon by the human quality certificate issuing organ; other administrative penalties shall be decided upon by the competent department of construction administration or the departments concerned in accordance with laws and the terms of reference prescribed by the State Council.

依照本法規定被吊銷資質證書的，由工商行政管理部門吊銷其營業執照。

Where a credentials certificate is revoked pursuant to the provisions of this Law, the administration for industry and commerce shall revoke the business licence.

第七十七條   違反本法規定，對不具備相應資質等級條件的單位頒發該等級資質證書的，由其上級機關責令收回所發的資質證書，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員給予行政處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 77 Any organ that issues a human quality certificate of a said grade to a unit which does not have the corresponding human quality qualifications in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be ordered by the organ at its next higher level to withdraw the human quality certificate issued and administrative sanctions shall be imposed on the person-in-charge held directly responsible and other persons directly responsible therefor; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

第七十八條   政府及其所屬部門的工作人員違反本法規定，限定發包單位將招標發包的工程發包給指定的承包單位的，由上級機關責令改正；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 78 Any functionary of the government and its subordinate departments who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, restricts the contract issuing unit in issuing the contract of a project open to invitation to tender for contracting to the designated contracting unit shall be ordered by the organ at the next higher level to make a rectification; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

第七十九條   負責頒發建築工程施工許可證的部門及其工作人員對不符合施工條件的建築工程頒發施工許可證的，負責工程質量監督檢查或者竣工驗收的部門及其工作人員對不合格的建築工程出具質量合格文件或者按合格工程驗收的，由上級機關責令改正，對責任人員給予行政處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；造成損失的，由該部門承擔相應的賠償責任。

Article 79 In the event of issuance of a construction permit by the authorities and their personnel responsible for issuance of construction permit for construction project to a construction project which does not satisfy construction criteria and issuance of quality conformance document or acceptance inspection conformance document by the authorities and their personnel responsible for project quality supervision and inspection or acceptance inspection for completed projects to substandard construction projects, the higher-level authorities shall order that correction be made and impose administrative punishment on accountable personnel; where the case constitutes a criminal offence, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law. The authorities shall bear the corresponding compensation liability for losses caused.

第八十條   在建築物的合理使用壽命內，因建築工程質量不合格受到損害的，有權向責任者要求賠償。

Article 80 Any party that suffers from damage due to substandard quality of a construction project within the life expectancy of rational use of the construction project has the right to claim compensation from the person held responsible.

第八章 附 則

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第八十一條   本法關於施工許可、建築施工企業資質審查和建築工程發包、承包、禁止轉包，以及建築工程監理、建築工程安全和質量管理的規定，適用於其他專業建築工程的建築活動，具體辦法由國務院規定。

Article 81 The provisions of this Law relating to the building permit, building construction enterprise human quality examination and construction project contract issuance and contracting and prohibition of subcontracting as well as construction project supervision and control and construction project safety and quality control apply to construction activities of other specialized construction projects. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

第八十二條   建設行政主管部門和其他有關部門在對建築活動實施監督管理中，除按照國務院有關規定收取費用外，不得收取其他費用。

Article 82 The departments of construction administration and other departments concerned shall not collect fees other than those to be collected pursuant to the relevant provisions of the State Council in the exercise of supervision and control over construction activities.

第八十三條   省、自治區、直轄市人民政府確定的小型房屋建築工程的建築活動，參照本法執行。

Article 83 Construction activities of construction projects of small houses determined by People's Governments of provinces, autonomous regions and centrally-administered municipalities may be carried out with reference to this Law.

依法核定作為文物保護的紀念建築物和古建築等的修缮，依照文物保護的有關法律規定執行。

Renovation of memorial buildings and ancient buildings etc which are approved as heritage conservation pursuant to the law shall be implemented pursuant to the provisions of the relevant laws on heritage conservation.

搶險救災及其他臨時性房屋建築和農民自建低層住宅的建築活動，不適用本法。

This Law shall not apply to construction activities of rescue and disaster relief and other temporary housing construction and peasants' self-built low-rise residential buildings.

第八十四條   軍用房屋建築工程建築活動的具體管理辦法，由國務院、中央軍事委員會依據本法制定。

Article 84 Specific control measures for construction activities of military housing construction projects shall be formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission pursuant to this Law.

第八十五條   本法自1998年3月1日起施行。

Article 85 This Law shall go into effect as of March 1, 1998.