法律文本

中華人民共和國放射性汙染防治法

Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution

中華人民共和國主席令第六號

Order of the President No.6

《中華人民共和國放射性汙染防治法》已由中華人民共和國第十屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第三次會議於２００３年６月２８日通過，現予公布，自２００３年１０月１日起施行。

The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution, which was adopted at the 3rd session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress on June 28, 2003, is released hereby and shall take effect as of October 1, 2003.

中華人民共和國主席 胡錦濤

President Hu Jintao

２００３年６月２８日

June 28, 2003

（２００３年６月２８日第十屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第三次會議通過）

(Adopted at the 3rd session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress on June 28, 2003)

目 錄

Contents

  第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 放射性汙染防治的監督管理

Chapter 2 Supervision over Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution

  第三章 核設施的放射性汙染防治

Chapter III Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution Caused by Nuclear Installations

  第四章 核技術利用的放射性汙染防治

Chapter 4 Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution Caused by Utilization of Nuclear Technology

  第五章 铀（钍）礦和伴生放射性礦開發利用的放射性汙染防治

Chapter 5 Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution During Exploitation of Uranium (Thorium) and Accompanying Radioactive Mines

  第六章 放射性廢物管理

Chapter 6 Management of Radioactive Wastes

  第七章 法律責任

Chapter 7 Legal Liabilities

  第八章 附 則

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了防治放射性汙染，保護環境，保障人體健康，促進核能、核技術的開發與和平利用，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted to prevent and control radioactive pollution, protect the environment, ensure human health, and promote the development and peaceful use of nuclear energy and technology.

第二條   本法適用於中華人民共和國領域和管轄的其他海域在核設施選址、建造、運行、退役和核技術、铀（钍）礦、伴生放射性礦開發利用過程中發生的放射性汙染的防治活動。

Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to the prevention and control of radioactive pollution discharged in the course of site selection, construction, operation and decommissioning of nuclear installations and in the cause of development and utilization of nuclear technology, uranium (thorium) and accompanying radioactive mines in the territory of the People's Republic of China and in the territorial waters under its jurisdiction.

第三條   國家對放射性汙染的防治，實行預防為主、防治結合、嚴格管理、安全第一的方針。

Article 3 In prevention and control of radioactive pollution, the State applies the principles of putting prevention first, combining prevention and control measures, exercising rigorous control, and giving priority to safety.

第四條   國家鼓勵、支持放射性汙染防治的科學研究和技術開發利用，推廣先進的放射性汙染防治技術。

Article 4 The State encourages and supports scientific research in, and the development and utilization of technology for, the prevention and control of radioactive pollution, and the wide use of advanced technology in the effort.

國家支持開展放射性汙染防治的國際交流與合作。

The State supports international exchange and cooperation in prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

第五條   縣級以上人民政府應當將放射性汙染防治工作納入環境保護規劃。

Article 5 People's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the work for prevention and control of radioactive pollution into their plans for environmental protection.

縣級以上人民政府應當組織開展有針對性的放射性汙染防治宣傳教育，使公眾了解放射性汙染防治的有關情況和科學知識。

People's governments at or above the county level shall take charge of dissemination and education aimed at preventing and controlling radioactive pollution, in order to keep the general public informed of the situation, and impart to them scientific knowledge, related to the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

第六條   任何單位和個人有權對造成放射性汙染的行為提出檢舉和控告。

Article 6 Every unit and individual shall have the right to report to the authorities and bring a charge against any act that causes radioactive pollution.

第七條   在放射性汙染防治工作中作出顯著成績的單位和個人，由縣級以上人民政府給予獎勵。

Article 7 People's government at or above the county level shall give rewards to units and individuals that make outstanding achievements in prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

第八條   國務院環境保護行政主管部門對全國放射性汙染防治工作依法實施統一監督管理。

Article 8 The administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council shall, in accordance with law, exercise unified supervision over the prevention and control of radioactive pollution throughout the country.

國務院衛生行政部門和其他有關部門依據國務院規定的職責，對有關的放射性汙染防治工作依法實施監督管理。

The administrative department for health under the State Council as well as the relevant departments shall, in compliance with their duties defined by the State Council and in accordance with law, exercise supervision over the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

第二章 放射性汙染防治的監督管理

Chapter 2 Supervision over Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution

第九條   國家放射性汙染防治標準由國務院環境保護行政主管部門根據環境安全要求、國家經濟技術條件制定。國家放射性汙染防治標準由國務院環境保護行政主管部門和國務院標準化行政主管部門聯合發布。

Article 9 The administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council shall, in accordance with the requirements for environmental safety and on the basis of the economic and technological conditions of the State, formulate national standards for prevention and control of radioactive pollution. Such standards shall jointly be issued by the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council and the administrative department for standardization under the State Council.

第十條   國家建立放射性汙染監測制度。國務院環境保護行政主管部門會同國務院其他有關部門組織環境監測網絡，對放射性汙染實施監測管理。

Article 10 The State establishes a system for monitoring radioactive pollution. The administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council shall, in conjunction with the relevant departments under the State Council, form an environmental monitoring network to monitor and control radioactive pollution.

第十一條   國務院環境保護行政主管部門和國務院其他有關部門，按照職責分工，各負其責，互通信息，密切配合，對核設施、铀（钍）礦開發利用中的放射性汙染防治進行監督檢查。

Article 11 The administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council and the relevant departments under the State Council shall, in accordance with their division of duties and respective responsibilities and by exchanging information and acting in close co-ordination, conduct supervision and inspection of the prevention and control of radioactive pollution discharged by nuclear installations and in the course of exploiting uranium (thorium) mines.

縣級以上地方人民政府環境保護行政主管部門和同級其他有關部門，按照職責分工，各負其責，互通信息，密切配合，對本行政區域內核技術利用、伴生放射性礦開發利用中的放射性汙染防治進行監督檢查。

The administrative departments for environmental protection under the local people's government at or above the county level and the relevant departments at the same level shall, in accordance with their division of duties and respective responsibilities and by exchanging information and acting in close co-ordination, conduct supervision and inspection of the prevention and control of radioactive pollution discharge in the cause of utilizing nuclear technology and exploiting accompanying radioactive mines in their respective administrative regions.

監督檢查人員進行現場檢查時，應當出示證件。被檢查的單位必須如實反映情況，提供必要的資料。監督檢查人員應當為被檢查單位保守技術秘密和業務秘密。對涉及國家秘密的單位和部位進行檢查時，應當遵守國家有關保守國家秘密的規定，依法辦理有關審批手續。

When conducting on-the-spot inspections, the supervisors and inspectors shall produce their identification documents. The units under inspection must give a truthful report of the situation and provide the necessary information. The supervisors and inspectors shall keep confidential the technological and business secrets of the units under inspection. When conducting inspection of the units and locations related to State secrets, they shall observe relevant State regulations for guarding State secrets and go through the relevant formalities of examination and approval in accordance with law.

第十二條   核設施營運單位、核技術利用單位、铀（钍）礦和伴生放射性礦開發利用單位，負責本單位放射性汙染的防治，接受環境保護行政主管部門和其他有關部門的監督管理，並依法對其造成的放射性汙染承擔責任。

Article 12 Units that operate nuclear installations, utilize nuclear technology, or exploit uranium (thorium) and accompanying radioactive mines shall be responsible for prevention and control of radioactive pollution in their own units, subject themselves to supervision by the administrative department for environmental protection and the relevant departments and, in accordance with law, bear the responsibility for radioactive pollution caused.

第十三條   核設施營運單位、核技術利用單位、铀（钍）礦和伴生放射性礦開發利用單位，必須采取安全與防護措施，預防發生可能導致放射性汙染的各類事故，避免放射性汙染危害。

Article 13 Units that operate nuclear installations, utilize nuclear technology, or exploit uranium (thorium) and accompanying radioactive mines shall adopt safety and protective measures to prevent the occurrence of any kind of accident that may lead to radioactive pollution and to avoid hazards incurred by such pollution.

核設施營運單位、核技術利用單位、铀（钍）礦和伴生放射性礦開發利用單位，應當對其工作人員進行放射性安全教育、培訓，采取有效的防護安全措施。

Units that operate nuclear installations, utilize nuclear technology, or exploit uranium (thorium) and accompanying radioactive mines shall provide their workers with education and training in safety from radiation and adopt effective protective and safety measures.

第十四條   國家對從事放射性汙染防治的專業人員實行資格管理制度；對從事放射性汙染監測工作的機構實行資質管理制度。

Article 14 The State applies a qualification control system among the professionals engaged in the prevention and control of radioactive pollution, as well as among the institutions engaged in monitoring of radioactive pollution.

第十五條   運輸放射性物質和含放射源的射線裝置，應當采取有效措施，防止放射性汙染。具體辦法由國務院規定。

Article 15 For transport of radioactive material and radiation-emitting devices containing radioactive sources, effective measures shall be adopted to prevent radioactive pollution. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

第十六條   放射性物質和射線裝置應當設置明顯的放射性標識和中文警示說明。生產、銷售、使用、貯存、處置放射性物質和射線裝置的場所，以及運輸放射性物質和含放射源的射線裝置的工具，應當設置明顯的放射性標志。

Article 16 Radioactive material and radiation-emitting devices shall be attached with clear radiation labels and warning descriptions in Chinese. The places where radioactive material and radiation-emitting devices are produced, marketed, used, stored or disposed of and the means of transport for radioactive material and radiation-emitting devices containing radioactive sources shall be put with clear marks of radiation.

第十七條   含有放射性物質的產品，應當符合國家放射性汙染防治標準；不符合國家放射性汙染防治標準的，不得出廠和銷售。

Article 17 Products containing radioactive material shall conform to national standards for prevention and control of radioactive pollution; products that do not conform to such standards shall not leave the factory or be put on the market.

使用伴生放射性礦渣和含有天然放射性物質的石材做建築和裝修材料，應當符合國家建築材料放射性核素控制標準。

Slag from accompanying radioactive mines and stone materials containing natural radioactive substances shall be used for construction and refurbishing in conformity with the national standards for the control of radioactive nuclides in construction materials.

第三章 核設施的放射性汙染防治

Chapter III Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution Caused by Nuclear Installations

第十八條   核設施選址，應當進行科學論證，並按照國家有關規定辦理審批手續。在辦理核設施選址審批手續前，應當編制環境影響報告書，報國務院環境保護行政主管部門審查批準；未經批準，有關部門不得辦理核設施選址批準文件。

Article 18 The site for nuclear installations shall be selected on the basis of scientific demonstration, and the formalities of examination and approval shall be gone through in accordance with relevant State regulations. Before going through the examination and approval formalities for selection of the site for nuclear installations, an environmental impact report shall be prepared and submitted to the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council for examination and approval; without approval, the relevant department shall not issue approval documents for selection of such a site.

第十九條   核設施營運單位在進行核設施建造、裝料、運行、退役等活動前，必須按照國務院有關核設施安全監督管理的規定，申請領取核設施建造、運行許可證和辦理裝料、退役等審批手續。

Article 19 Before construction, fuel loading, operation or decommissioning of nuclear installations, the units that operates nuclear installations shall, in accordance with regulations of the State Council on supervision of nuclear installation safety, apply for a licence for construction and operation of nuclear installations and go through the formalities of examination and approval for fuel loading and decommissioning.

核設施營運單位領取有關許可證或者批準文件後，方可進行相應的建造、裝料、運行、退役等活動。

The unit that operates nuclear installations shall, only after obtaining the relevant licence or approval document, proceed to construct nuclear installations, load fuel, operate or decommission such installations accordingly.

第二十條   核設施營運單位應當在申請領取核設施建造、運行許可證和辦理退役審批手續前編制環境影響報告書，報國務院環境保護行政主管部門審查批準；未經批準，有關部門不得頒發許可證和辦理批準文件。

Article 20 Before applying for a licence for construction and operation of nuclear installations or going through the formalities of examination and approval for their decommissioning, the unit that operates the nuclear installations shall prepare an environmental impact report and submit it to the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council for examination and approval; in the absence of such approval, the relevant department shall not issue the licence or approval document.

第二十一條   與核設施相配套的放射性汙染防治設施，應當與主體工程同時設計、同時施工、同時投入使用。

Article 21 The facilities for prevention and control of radioactive pollution in support of nuclear installations shall be designed, constructed and put into operation simultaneously with the main part of the project.

放射性汙染防治設施應當與主體工程同時驗收；驗收合格的，主體工程方可投入生產或者使用。

The facilities for prevention and control of radioactive pollution shall be checked and accepted simultaneously with the main part of the project. Only after they are accepted as qualified may the main part of the project be put into production or operation.

第二十二條   進口核設施，應當符合國家放射性汙染防治標準；沒有相應的國家放射性汙染防治標準的，采用國務院環境保護行政主管部門指定的國外有關標準。

Article 22 Imported nuclear installations shall conform to the national standards for prevention and control of radioactive pollution; where there are no such standards appropriate to the imported nuclear installations, relevant foreign standards designated by the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council shall be used.

第二十三條   核動力廠等重要核設施外圍地區應當劃定規劃限制區。規劃限制區的劃定和管理辦法，由國務院規定。

Article 23 Planned restricted zones shall be delimited on the periphery of nuclear power plants and other important nuclear installations. Measures for delimiting and controlling the planned restricted zones shall be formulated by the State Council.

第二十四條   核設施營運單位應當對核設施周圍環境中所含的放射性核素的種類、濃度以及核設施流出物中的放射性核素總量實施監測，並定期向國務院環境保護行政主管部門和所在地省、自治區、直轄市人民政府環境保護行政主管部門報告監測結果。

Article 24 The unit that operates nuclear installations shall monitor the types and concentration of radionuclides in the environment surrounding the nuclear installations as well as the total quantity of the radionuclides in the effluents from the nuclear installations and shall, at regular intervals, report the monitoring results to the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council and to such department under the people's government of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the unit is located.

國務院環境保護行政主管部門負責對核動力廠等重要核設施實施監督性監測，並根據需要對其他核設施的流出物實施監測。監督性監測系統的建設、運行和維護費用由財政預算安排。

The administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council shall be responsible for supervisory monitoring of the nuclear power plants and other important nuclear installations and, where necessary, for monitoring of the effluents from other nuclear installations. The expenses for construction, operation and maintenance of the system for supervisory monitoring shall be covered by the financial budget.

第二十五條   核設施營運單位應當建立健全安全保衛制度，加強安全保衛工作，並接受公安部門的監督指導。

Article 25 Operators of nuclear facilities shall establish a sound security and safeguard system, enhance security and safeguard work, and accept the supervision and guidance of public security departments.

核設施營運單位應當按照核設施的規模和性質制定核事故場內應急計劃，做好應急準備。

The business operator of a nuclear facility shall develop an on-site emergency plan according to the size and nature of the nuclear facility to ensure emergency preparedness.

出現核事故應急狀態時，核設施營運單位必須立即采取有效的應急措施控制事故，並向核設施主管部門和環境保護行政主管部門、衛生行政部門、公安部門以及其他有關部門報告。

In the event of an emergency, the unit that operates nuclear installations shall immediately take effective emergency measures to keep the accident under control and shall report the matter to the department in charge of nuclear installations, the administrative departments for environmental protection, for health and for public security and to the other departments concerned.

第二十六條   國家建立健全核事故應急制度。

Article 26 The State establishes a sound emergency system for nuclear accidents.

核設施主管部門、環境保護行政主管部門、衛生行政部門、公安部門以及其他有關部門，在本級人民政府的組織領導下，按照各自的職責依法做好核事故應急工作。

The department in charge of nuclear installations, the administrative departments for environmental protection, for health and for public security and the other departments concerned shall, under the coordination and leadership of the people's government at the same level, in compliance with their respective duties and in accordance with law, successfully cope with emergencies caused by nuclear accidents.

中國人民解放軍和中國人民武裝警察部隊按照國務院、中央軍事委員會的有關規定在核事故應急中實施有效的支援。

The Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Chinese People's Armed Police Force shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State Council and the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China, render effective assistance in nuclear accident emergency.

第二十七條   核設施營運單位應當制定核設施退役計劃。

Article 27 Operators of nuclear facilities shall formulate plans for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities.

核設施的退役費用和放射性廢物處置費用應當預提，列入投資概算或者生產成本。核設施的退役費用和放射性廢物處置費用的提取和管理辦法，由國務院財政部門、價格主管部門會同國務院環境保護行政主管部門、核設施主管部門規定。

The expanses for decommissioning of nuclear installations and for disposing of radioactive waste shall be withdrawn in advance and shall be included in the budgetary estimates of investment or in production costs. The measures for withdrawal and control of the money to defray the expenses for decommissioning of nuclear installations and for disposal of radioactive waste shall be formulated by the department of finance and the department for pricing under the State Council, in conjunction with the administrative department for environmental protection and the department in charge of nuclear installations under the State Council.

第四章 核技術利用的放射性汙染防治

Chapter 4 Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution Caused by Utilization of Nuclear Technology

第二十八條   生產、銷售、使用放射性同位素和射線裝置的單位，應當按照國務院有關放射性同位素與射線裝置放射防護的規定申請領取許可證，辦理登記手續。

Article 28 Any unit that produces, sells or uses radioisotopes and radiation-emitting devices shall, in accordance with the regulations of the State Council regarding protection against radiation released by radioisotopes and radiation-emitting devices, apply for a licence and go through the formalities of registration.

轉讓、進口放射性同位素和射線裝置的單位以及裝備有放射性同位素的儀表的單位，應當按照國務院有關放射性同位素與射線裝置放射防護的規定辦理有關手續。

Any unit that transfers ownership of or imports radioisotopes and radiation-emitting devices and any unit that is equipped with radioisotope instruments shall, in accordance with the regulations of the State Council regarding protection against radiation released by radioisotopes and radiation-emitting devices, go through the relevant formalities.

第二十九條   生產、銷售、使用放射性同位素和加速器、中子發生器以及含放射源的射線裝置的單位，應當在申請領取許可證前編制環境影響評價文件，報省、自治區、直轄市人民政府環境保護行政主管部門審查批準；未經批準，有關部門不得頒發許可證。

Article 29 Any unit that produces, sells and uses radioisotopes, accelerators, neutron generators and radiation-emitting devices containing radioactive sources shall, before applying for a licence, draw up an environmental impact assessment document and submit it to the administrative department for environmental protection under the people's government of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government for examination and approval; in the absence of such approval, the relevant department shall not issue the licence.

國家建立放射性同位素備案制度。具體辦法由國務院規定。

The State establishes a system for radioisotope registration. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

第三十條   新建、改建、擴建放射工作場所的放射防護設施，應當與主體工程同時設計、同時施工、同時投入使用。

Article 30 The facilities for protection against radiation at the workplace releasing radiation that is to be constructed, reconstructed, or expanded shall be designed, constructed and put into operation simultaneously with the main part of the project.

放射防護設施應當與主體工程同時驗收；驗收合格的，主體工程方可投入生產或者使用。

The facilities for protection against radiation shall be checked and accepted simultaneously with the main part of the project; only after they are accepted as qualified may the main part of the project be put into production or operation.

第三十一條   放射性同位素應當單獨存放，不得與易燃、易爆、腐蝕性物品等一起存放，其貯存場所應當采取有效的防火、防盜、防射線泄漏的安全防護措施，並指定專人負責保管。貯存、領取、使用、歸還放射性同位素時，應當進行登記、檢查，做到賬物相符。

Article 31 Radioisotopes shall be stored separately and shall not be placed together with flammable, explosive and corrosive substances, etc; at the places where they are stored, effective safety and protective measures shall be taken against fire, theft and leakage of radioactive rays, and a person shall be designated to be in charge of the storage of the radioisotopes. When radioisotopes are stored, taken, used and returned, they shall be registered and checked, so that the registration shall agree with the radioisotopes.

第三十二條   生產、使用放射性同位素和射線裝置的單位，應當按照國務院環境保護行政主管部門的規定對其產生的放射性廢物進行收集、包裝、貯存。

Article 32 Any unit that produces or uses radioisotopes and radiation-emitting devices shall, in accordance with the regulations of the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council, collect, package and store any radioactive waste produced.

生產放射源的單位，應當按照國務院環境保護行政主管部門的規定回收和利用廢舊放射源；使用放射源的單位，應當按照國務院環境保護行政主管部門的規定將廢舊放射源交回生產放射源的單位或者送交專門從事放射性固體廢物貯存、處置的單位。

Any units that produces radioactive sources shall, in accordance with the regulations of the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council, retrieve and utilize disused radioactive sources; any unit that uses radioactive sources shall, in accordance with the regulations of the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council, return disused radioactive sources to the unit that produces such sources or send such sources to the unit that is specialized in storing or disposing of solid radioactive waste.

第三十三條   生產、銷售、使用、貯存放射源的單位，應當建立健全安全保衛制度，指定專人負責，落實安全責任制，制定必要的事故應急措施。發生放射源丟失、被盜和放射性汙染事故時，有關單位和個人必須立即采取應急措施，並向公安部門、衛生行政部門和環境保護行政主管部門報告。

Article 33 Any unit that produces, sells, uses, or stores radioactive sources shall establish a sound security and safeguard system, designate a person to take charge, implement the security responsibility system, and formulate necessary contingency measures against accidents. When radioactive sources are missing or stolen or an accident causing radioactive pollution occurs, the unit and individuals concerned shall immediately adopt contingency measures and report the matter to the public security department and the administrative departments for health and for environmental protection.

公安部門、衛生行政部門和環境保護行政主管部門接到放射源丟失、被盜和放射性汙染事故報告後，應當報告本級人民政府，並按照各自的職責立即組織采取有效措施，防止放射性汙染蔓延，減少事故損失。當地人民政府應當及時將有關情況告知公眾，並做好事故的調查、處理工作。

After receiving the report of the missing or theft of radioactive sources or the accident causing radioactive pollution, the public security department and the administrative departments for health and for environmental protection shall report the matter to the people's government at the same level and, in compliance with their respective responsibilities, immediately make arrangements and take effective measures to prevent the spread of radioactive pollution and lighten the losses caused by the accident. The local people's government shall promptly inform the public of the situation and conscientiously investigate and deal with the accident.

第五章 铀（钍）礦和伴生放射性礦開發利用的放射性汙染防治

Chapter 5 Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution During Exploitation of Uranium (Thorium) and Accompanying Radioactive Mines

第三十四條   開發利用或者關閉铀（钍）礦的單位，應當在申請領取采礦許可證或者辦理退役審批手續前編制環境影響報告書，報國務院環境保護行政主管部門審查批準。

Article 34 Any unit that intends to exploit or close down uranium (thorium) mines shall, before applying for a mining licence or going through the formalities of examination and approval for decommissioning, prepare an environmental impact report and submit it to the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council for examination and approval.

開發利用伴生放射性礦的單位，應當在申請領取采礦許可證前編制環境影響報告書，報省級以上人民政府環境保護行政主管部門審查批準。

Any unit that intends to exploit accompanying radioactive mines shall, before applying for a mining licence, prepare an environmental impact report and submit it to the administrative department for environmental protection under the people's government at or above the provincial level for examination and approval.

第三十五條   與铀（钍）礦和伴生放射性礦開發利用建設項目相配套的放射性汙染防治設施，應當與主體工程同時設計、同時施工、同時投入使用。

Article 35 The facilities for prevention and control of radioactive pollution to be built in support of a construction project for the exploitation of uranium (thorium) and accompanying radioactive mines shall be designed, constructed and put into operation simultaneously with the main part of the project.

放射性汙染防治設施應當與主體工程同時驗收；驗收合格的，主體工程方可投入生產或者使用。

The facilities for prevention and control of radioactive pollution shall be checked and accepted simultaneously with the main part of the project. Only after they are accepted as qualified may the main part of the project be put into production or operation.

第三十六條   铀（钍）礦開發利用單位應當對铀（钍）礦的流出物和周圍的環境實施監測，並定期向國務院環境保護行政主管部門和所在地省、自治區、直轄市人民政府環境保護行政主管部門報告監測結果。

Article 36 Any unit that exploits uranium (thorium) mines shall monitor the effluents from the uranium (thorium) mines and the surrounding environment and shall, at regular intervals, report the monitoring results to the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council and to such a department under the people's government of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the unit is located.

第三十七條   對铀（钍）礦和伴生放射性礦開發利用過程中產生的尾礦，應當建造尾礦庫進行貯存、處置；建造的尾礦庫應當符合放射性汙染防治的要求。

Article 37 Tailings repositories shall be constructed for the storage and disposal of Tailings produced in the course of exploitation of uranium (thorium) and accompanying radioactive mines; such repositories constructed shall conform to the requirements for prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

第三十八條   铀（钍）礦開發利用單位應當制定铀（钍）礦退役計劃。铀礦退役費用由國家財政預算安排。

Article 38 Any unit that exploits uranium (thorium) mine shall draw up plans for decommissioning of uranium (thorium) mines. The expenses for decommissioning uranium mines shall be covered by the State financial budget.

第六章 放射性廢物管理

Chapter 6 Management of Radioactive Wastes

第三十九條   核設施營運單位、核技術利用單位、铀（钍）礦和伴生放射性礦開發利用單位，應當合理選擇和利用原材料，采用先進的生產工藝和設備，盡量減少放射性廢物的產生量。

Article 39 Any unit that operates nuclear installations, utilizes nuclear technology, or exploits uranium (thorium) and accompanying radioactive mines shall rationally select and use raw and processed materials and adopt advanced production techniques and equipment in order to reduce as far as possible the quantity of radioactive waste produced.

第四十條   向環境排放放射性廢氣、廢液，必須符合國家放射性汙染防治標準。

Article 40 Any unit that discharges gaseous or liquid radioactive waste into the environment shall conform to the national standards for prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

第四十一條   產生放射性廢氣、廢液的單位向環境排放符合國家放射性汙染防治標準的放射性廢氣、廢液，應當向審批環境影響評價文件的環境保護行政主管部門申請放射性核素排放量，並定期報告排放計量結果。

Article 41 Any unit producing gaseous or liquid radioactive waste that discharges such waste into the environment in conformity with the national standards for prevention and control of radioactive pollution shall apply for discharge quantity of radionuclides to the administrative department for environmental protection that is in charge of examination and approval of the environmental impact assessment documents and shall, at regular intervals, report the discharge quantity calculated.

第四十二條   產生放射性廢液的單位，必須按照國家放射性汙染防治標準的要求，對不得向環境排放的放射性廢液進行處理或者貯存。

Article 42 Any unit that produces liquid radioactive waste shall, in accordance with the requirements of the national standards for prevention and control of radioactive pollution, treat or store the liquid radioactive waste that is not allowed to be discharged into the environment.

產生放射性廢液的單位，向環境排放符合國家放射性汙染防治標準的放射性廢液，必須采用符合國務院環境保護行政主管部門規定的排放方式。

Any unit producing liquid radioactive waste that discharges such waste into the environment in conformity with the national standards for prevention and control of radioactive pollution shall adopt the means of discharge that conforms to the regulations of the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council.

禁止利用滲井、滲坑、天然裂隙、溶洞或者國家禁止的其他方式排放放射性廢液。

The use of seepage wells or pits, natural crevices or karst caves or other means prohibited by the State for discharge of liquid radioactive waste shall be prohibited.

第四十三條   低、中水平放射性固體廢物在符合國家規定的區域實行近地表處置。

Article 43 Low- and medium- level solid radioactive waste shall be disposed of near the surface of the areas that conform to State regulations.

高水平放射性固體廢物實行集中的深地質處置。

High-level radioactive solid wastes shall be subject to centralized deep geological disposal.

α放射性固體廢物依照前款規定處置。

Solid alpha-radioactive waste shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

禁止在內河水域和海洋上處置放射性固體廢物。

Disposal of radioactive solid waste in inland waters and seas is prohibited.

第四十四條   國務院核設施主管部門會同國務院環境保護行政主管部門根據地質條件和放射性固體廢物處置的需要，在環境影響評價的基礎上編制放射性固體廢物處置場所選址規劃，報國務院批準後實施。

Article 44 The department for nuclear installations under the State Council shall, in conjunction with the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council, on the basis of geological factors and the need of disposal of solid radioactive waste and on the basis of the environmental impact assessment, draw up plans for selecting places for disposing of solid radioactive waste, and shall have the plans implemented after obtaining approval of the State Council.

有關地方人民政府應當根據放射性固體廢物處置場所選址規劃，提供放射性固體廢物處置場所的建設用地，並采取有效措施支持放射性固體廢物的處置。

The local people's governments concerned shall, in accordance with the plans for selecting places for disposing of solid radioactive waste, provide land for construction of such places and take effective measures in support of the disposal of solid radioactive waste.

第四十五條   產生放射性固體廢物的單位，應當按照國務院環境保護行政主管部門的規定，對其產生的放射性固體廢物進行處理後，送交放射性固體廢物處置單位處置，並承擔處置費用。

Article 45 Any unit that produces solid radioactive waste shall, in accordance with the regulations of the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council and after treating the solid radioactive waste produced, send for disposal such waste to a unit that disposes of solid radioactive waste and shall pay the fee for disposal.

放射性固體廢物處置費用收取和使用管理辦法，由國務院財政部門、價格主管部門會同國務院環境保護行政主管部門規定。

Administrative measures for collection and use of the fees for disposal of solid radioactive waste shall be formulated by the department of finance and the department for pricing, in conjunction with the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council.

第四十六條   設立專門從事放射性固體廢物貯存、處置的單位，必須經國務院環境保護行政主管部門審查批準，取得許可證。具體辦法由國務院規定。

Article 46 The establishment of a specialized unit for storage and disposal of solid radioactive waste shall be subject to examination and approval by the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council before obtaining a licence. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

禁止未經許可或者不按照許可的有關規定從事貯存和處置放射性固體廢物的活動。

Engaging in activities for the storage or disposal of solid radioactive waste without a licence or at variance with the relevant provisions of the licence is prohibited.

禁止將放射性固體廢物提供或者委托給無許可證的單位貯存和處置。

Sending solid radioactive waste to a unit without a license for storage or disposal or entrusting such a unit with the same is prohibited.

第四十七條   禁止將放射性廢物和被放射性汙染的物品輸入中華人民共和國境內或者經中華人民共和國境內轉移。

Article 47 Importing into or transferring from the territory of People's Republic of China radioactive waste or radioactive- contaminated goods is prohibited.

第七章 法律責任

Chapter 7 Legal Liabilities

第四十八條   放射性汙染防治監督管理人員違反法律規定，利用職務上的便利收受他人財物、謀取其他利益，或者玩忽職守，有下列行為之一的，依法給予行政處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

Article 48 Any staff member exercising supervision over the prevention and control of radioactive pollution who, in violation of the provisions of law, commits one of the following acts by taking advantage of his position to accept or receive money or things of value from another person or seek other benefits, or neglecting his duty shall be given an administrative sanction in accordance with law; and if the violation constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law:

（一）對不符合法定條件的單位頒發許可證和辦理批準文件的；

1. issuing a licence or approval document to a unit that does not meet the statutory requirements;

（二）不依法履行監督管理職責的；

(II) Failing to perform duties of supervision and administration according to law;

（三）發現違法行為不予查處的。

(III) failing to investigate or deal with any found illegal act.

第四十九條   違反本法規定，有下列行為之一的，由縣級以上人民政府環境保護行政主管部門或者其他有關部門依據職權責令限期改正，可以處二萬元以下罰款：

Article 49 Any unit that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits one of the following acts shall be instructed by the administrative department for environmental protection under the people's government at or above the county level or by a relevant department, in compliance with its functions and powers, to rectify within a time limit and it may be fined not more than CNY20,000:

（一）不按照規定報告有關環境監測結果的；

1. Not complying the provisions in reporting the relevant environmental monitoring results;

（二）拒絕環境保護行政主管部門和其他有關部門進行現場檢查，或者被檢查時不如實反映情況和提供必要資料的。

(II) refusing to accept on-the- spot inspection by the administrative departments for environmental protection and by relevant departments or during inspection failing to give a truthful report of the situation and to provide the necessary data.

第五十條   違反本法規定，未編制環境影響評價文件，或者環境影響評價文件未經環境保護行政主管部門批準，擅自進行建造、運行、生產和使用等活動的，由審批環境影響評價文件的環境保護行政主管部門責令停止違法行為，限期補辦手續或者恢複原狀，並處一萬元以上二十萬元以下罰款。

Article 50 Any unit that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, constructs or operates a project or produces or uses a project without drawing up an environmental impact assessment document or without obtaining approval of such document by the administrative department for environmental protection shall be instructed by the administrative department for environmental protection, which examines and gives approval to environmental impact assessment documents, to cease the violation, to go through the formalities within a time limit, or put the project back to its original state and shall, in addition, be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan.

第五十一條   違反本法規定，未建造放射性汙染防治設施、放射防護設施，或者防治防護設施未經驗收合格，主體工程即投入生產或者使用的，由審批環境影響評價文件的環境保護行政主管部門責令停止違法行為，限期改正，並處五萬元以上二十萬元以下罰款。

Article 51 Where, in violation of the provisions of this Law, the facilities for prevention and control of radioactive pollution or the facilities for protection against radiation are not constructed, or the main part of the project is put into production or operation when the said facilities are not accepted as qualified, the administrative department for environmental protection, which examines and gives approval to environmental impact assessment documents, shall order cessation of the violation, set a time limit on its rectification and, in addition, impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan.

第五十二條   違反本法規定，未經許可或者批準，核設施營運單位擅自進行核設施的建造、裝料、運行、退役等活動的，由國務院環境保護行政主管部門責令停止違法行為，限期改正，並處二十萬元以上五十萬元以下罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 52 Any unit operating nuclear installations that, in violation of the provisions of this Law and without obtaining a license or approval, constructs, loads fuel into, operates or decommissions nuclear installations shall be instructed by the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council to cease the violation and to rectify within a time limit and shall, in addition, be fined not less than 200,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan. If the violation constitutes a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

第五十三條   違反本法規定，生產、銷售、使用、轉讓、進口、貯存放射性同位素和射線裝置以及裝備有放射性同位素的儀表的，由縣級以上人民政府環境保護行政主管部門或者其他有關部門依據職權責令停止違法行為，限期改正；逾期不改正的，責令停產停業或者吊銷許可證；有違法所得的，沒收違法所得；違法所得十萬元以上的，並處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下罰款；沒有違法所得或者違法所得不足十萬元的，並處一萬元以上十萬元以下罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 53 Any unit that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, manufactures, sells, uses, transfers, imports or stores radioisotopes or radiation-emitting devices or is equipped with instruments of radioisotopes shall be instructed by the administrative department for environmental protection under the people's government at or above the county level or a relevant department, in compliance with its functions and powers, to cease the violation and to rectify within a time limit; if it fails to comply at the expiration of the time limit, it shall be instructed to suspend production and operation or its licence shall be revoked; the unlawful gains, if any, shall be confiscated; if the unlawful gains exceed 100,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five times that amount; if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 100,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan. If the violation constitutes a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

第五十四條   違反本法規定，有下列行為之一的，由縣級以上人民政府環境保護行政主管部門責令停止違法行為，限期改正，處以罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

Article 54 Any unit that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits one of the following acts shall be instructed by the administrative department for environmental protection under the people's government at or above the county level to cease the violation and to rectify within a time limit and shall be fined. If the violation constitutes a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law:

（一）未建造尾礦庫或者不按照放射性汙染防治的要求建造尾礦庫，貯存、處置铀（钍）礦和伴生放射性礦的尾礦的；

1. failing to construct a tailings repository, or failing to do so in conformity with the requirements for prevention and control of radioactive pollution, for storage and disposal of uranium (thorium) and accompanying radioactive mine tailings;

（二）向環境排放不得排放的放射性廢氣、廢液的；

2. discharging into the environment gaseous and liquid radioactive waste that is not allowed to be discharged;

（三）不按照規定的方式排放放射性廢液，利用滲井、滲坑、天然裂隙、溶洞或者國家禁止的其他方式排放放射性廢液的；

(III) failing to discharge liquid radioactive waste in accordance with relevant regulations but using, instead, seeping wells, seeping pits, natural crevices or limestone caves to discharge liquid radioactive waste or other means prohibited by the State;

（四）不按照規定處理或者貯存不得向環境排放的放射性廢液的；

(IV) failing to treat or store, in accordance with relevant regulations, liquid radioactive waste that is prohibited from being discharged into the environment;

（五）將放射性固體廢物提供或者委托給無許可證的單位貯存和處置的。

(V) sending solid radioactive waste to a unit without a licence for storage or disposal or entrusting such a unit with the same.

有前款第（一）項、第（二）項、第（三）項、第（五）項行為之一的，處十萬元以上二十萬元以下罰款；有前款第（四）項行為的，處一萬元以上十萬元以下罰款。

For any violation as mentioned in (1), (2), (3) and (5) of the preceding paragraph, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed; for any violation as mentioned in (4) of the preceding paragraph, a fine not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan shall be imposed.

第五十五條   違反本法規定，有下列行為之一的，由縣級以上人民政府環境保護行政主管部門或者其他有關部門依據職權責令限期改正；逾期不改正的，責令停產停業，並處二萬元以上十萬元以下罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

Article 55 Any unit that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits one of the following acts shall be instructed by the administrative department for environmental protection under the people's government at or above the county level or a relevant department, in compliance with its functions and powers, to rectify within a time limit; if it fails to comply at the expiration of the time limit, it shall be instructed to suspend production and operation and shall, in addition, be fined not less than CNY20,000 but not more than CNY100 ,000. If the violation constitutes a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law:

（一）不按照規定設置放射性標識、標志、中文警示說明的；

1. failing to place radiation labels or marks or warning descriptions in Chinese in accordance with relevant regulations;

（二）不按照規定建立健全安全保衛制度和制定事故應急計劃或者應急措施的；

2. failing to establish a sound security and safeguard system and to draw up contingency plans or take contingency measures against accidents in accordance with relevant regulations;

（三）不按照規定報告放射源丟失、被盜情況或者放射性汙染事故的。

(III) failing to report, as required, the missing or theft of radioactive sources or an accident causing radioactive pollution.

第五十六條   產生放射性固體廢物的單位，不按照本法第四十五條的規定對其產生的放射性固體廢物進行處置的，由審批該單位立項環境影響評價文件的環境保護行政主管部門責令停止違法行為，限期改正；逾期不改正的，指定有處置能力的單位代為處置，所需費用由產生放射性固體廢物的單位承擔，可以並處二十萬元以下罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 56 Any unit producing solid radioactive waste that fails to have the waste it produces disposed of in accordance with the provisions of Article 45 of this Law, it shall be instructed by the administrative department for environmental protection, which examines and approves the environmental impact assessment document concerning the unit's project, to cease the violation and to rectify within a time limit; if it fails to comply at the expiration of the time limit, the said department shall designate a unit that has the capability for such disposal to do it, the expenses incurred shall be paid by the unit that produces the solid radioactive waste, and it may, in addition, be fined not more than 200,000 yuan. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.

第五十七條   違反本法規定，有下列行為之一的，由省級以上人民政府環境保護行政主管部門責令停產停業或者吊銷許可證；有違法所得的，沒收違法所得；違法所得十萬元以上的，並處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下罰款；沒有違法所得或者違法所得不足十萬元的，並處五萬元以上十萬元以下罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

Article 57 Any unit that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits one of the following acts shall be instructed by the administrative department for environmental protection under the people's government at or above the provincial level to suspend production or operation or its license shall be revoked; its unlawful gains, if any, shall be confiscated; if the unlawful gains exceed 100,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five times that amount; if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 100,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan. If the violation constitutes a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law:

（一）未經許可，擅自從事貯存和處置放射性固體廢物活動的；

1. engaging in activities to store and dispose of solid radioactive waste without a licence;

（二）不按照許可的有關規定從事貯存和處置放射性固體廢物活動的。

(II) failing to store and dispose of solid radioactive waste in accordance with the provisions of the licence.

第五十八條   向中華人民共和國境內輸入放射性廢物和被放射性汙染的物品，或者經中華人民共和國境內轉移放射性廢物和被放射性汙染的物品的，由海關責令退運該放射性廢物和被放射性汙染的物品，並處五十萬元以上一百萬元以下罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 58 Any unit that imports radioactive waste or radioactive-contaminated goods into the territory of the People's Republic of China or transfers such waste or goods from the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be instructed by the Customs to send back such waste or goods and shall, in addition, be fined not less than CNY500,000 but not more than CNY1,000,000. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.

第五十九條   因放射性汙染造成他人損害的，應當依法承擔民事責任。

Article 59 Where radioactive pollution causes harm to people, civil responsibility shall be borne in accordance with law.

第八章 附 則

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第六十條   軍用設施、裝備的放射性汙染防治，由國務院和軍隊的有關主管部門依照本法規定的原則和國務院、中央軍事委員會規定的職責實施監督管理。

Article 60 Supervision over the prevention and control of radioactive pollution caused by military installations and equipment shall be conducted by the relevant departments under the State Council and the armed forces, in accordance with the principles prescribed by this Law and in compliance with their duties assigned by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

第六十一條   勞動者在職業活動中接觸放射性物質造成的職業病的防治，依照《中華人民共和國職業病防治法》的規定執行。

Article 61 Occupational diseases which the workers are afflicted with due to their contact with radioactive material in their work shall be prevented and controlled in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases.

第六十二條   本法中下列用語的含義：

Article 62 For purposes of this Law, the definitions of the following terms are:

（一）放射性汙染，是指由於人類活動造成物料、人體、場所、環境介質表面或者內部出現超過國家標準的放射性物質或者射線。

1. "Radioactive pollution" refers to the presence of radioactive substances or rays, caused by human activities, in excess of State norms on the surface of or inside the mediums of materials, the human body, places, or the environment.

（二）核設施，是指核動力廠（核電廠、核熱電廠、核供汽供熱廠等）和其他反應堆（研究堆、實驗堆、臨界裝置等）；核燃料生產、加工、貯存和後處理設施；放射性廢物的處理和處置設施等。

(II) "Nuclear facilities" refers to nuclear power plants (nuclear power plants, nuclear thermal plants, nuclear steam and heat supply plants, etc.) and other reactors (research reactors, experimental reactors, critical devices, etc.); facilities for the production, processing, storage and reprocessing of nuclear fuel; facilities for treating and disposing of radioactive waste; etc.

（三）核技術利用，是指密封放射源、非密封放射源和射線裝置在醫療、工業、農業、地質調查、科學研究和教學等領域中的使用。

(III) The utilization of nuclear technologies refers to the use of sealed or unsealed radioactive source or radioactive ray devices in the fields of medical treatment, industry, agriculture, geological survey, scientific research and teaching, etc.

（四）放射性同位素，是指某種發生放射性衰變的元素中具有相同原子序數但質量不同的核素。

(IV) The radioisotope refers to the nuclide, which has the same atomic number with any other one and different mass from any other one, in the radioactive element in which the radioactive decay occurs.

（五）放射源，是指除研究堆和動力堆核燃料循環範疇的材料以外，永久密封在容器中或者有嚴密包層並呈固態的放射性材料。

(V) "Radioactive source" refers to radioactive material permanently sealed in a vessel or tightly clad in a solid state, with the exception of material found in nuclear fuel cycles of research reactors and power reactors.

（六）射線裝置，是指Ｘ線機、加速器、中子發生器以及含放射源的裝置。

(VI) "Radiation-emitting devices" refer to X-ray machines, accelerators, neutron generators and devices containing radioactive sources.

（七）伴生放射性礦，是指含有較高水平天然放射性核素濃度的非铀礦（如稀土礦和磷酸鹽礦等）。

(VII) "Associated radioactive mines" refer to non-uranium mines containing relatively high concentrations of natural radionuclides (such as rare earth mines and phosphate mines).

（八）放射性廢物，是指含有放射性核素或者被放射性核素汙染，其濃度或者比活度大於國家確定的清潔解控水平，預期不再使用的廢棄物。

(VIII) "Radioactive waste" refers to waste that contains, or is contaminated by, radionuclides at concentrations or activities greater than the clearance level established by the State, and which is expected not to be used again.

第六十三條   本法自２００３年１０月１日起施行。

Article 63 This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 2003.