法律文本

中華人民共和國水法（2016修正）

Water Law of the People’s Republic of China (Revision 2016)

(1988年1月21日第六屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十四次會議通過 2002年8月29日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十九次會議修訂 根據2009年8月27日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十次會議《關於修改部分法律的決定》第一次修正 根據2016年7月2日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十一次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國節約能源法〉等六部法律的決定》第二次修正)

(Adopted at the 24th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 6th National People's Congress on January 21, 1988; revised at the 29th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on August 29, 2002; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amending Certain Laws passed at the 10th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on August 27, 2009; and amended for the second time according to the Decision on Revising Six Laws including the Energy Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China passed at the 21st Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on July 2, 2016)

第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了合理開發、利用、節約和保護水資源，防治水害，實現水資源的可持續利用，適應國民經濟和社會發展的需要，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purposes of rationally developing, utilizing, conserving and protecting water resources, preventing and controlling water disasters, bringing about sustainable utilization of water resources, and meeting the need of national economic and social development.

第二條   在中華人民共和國領域內開發、利用、節約、保護、管理水資源，防治水害，適用本法。

Article 2 This Law is applicable to development, utilization, conservation, protection and management of water resources and to prevention and control of water disasters within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

本法所稱水資源，包括地表水和地下水。

The water resources referred to in this Law include surface water and groundwater.

第三條   水資源屬於國家所有。水資源的所有權由國務院代表國家行使。農村集體經濟組織的水塘和由農村集體經濟組織修建管理的水庫中的水，歸各該農村集體經濟組織使用。

Article 3 Water resources are owned by the State. The State Council, on behalf of the State, exercises the ownership of water resources. The water of ponds belonging to rural economic collectives and the water of reservoirs built and managed by such collectives shall be used by the collectives respectively.

第四條   開發、利用、節約、保護水資源和防治水害，應當全面規劃、統籌兼顧、標本兼治、綜合利用、講求效益，發揮水資源的多種功能，協調好生活、生產經營和生態環境用水。

Article 4 In developing, utilizing, conserving and protecting water resources and preventing and controlling water disasters, emphasis shall be placed on overall planning and all-round consideration, on both the root cause and symptoms, and on multipurpose use, efficiency, and the multiple function of water resources, and attention shall be paid to coordinated use of water in people's daily lives, in production and operation and in ecological environment.

第五條   縣級以上人民政府應當加強水利基礎設施建設，並將其納入本級國民經濟和社會發展計劃。

Article 5 People's governments at or above the county level shall pay special attention to construction of water conservancy infrastructures, and incorporate it into their plans of national economic and social development.

第六條   國家鼓勵單位和個人依法開發、利用水資源，並保護其合法權益。開發、利用水資源的單位和個人有依法保護水資源的義務。

Article 6 The State encourages units and individuals to develop and use water resources in accordance with law, and protects their legitimate rights and interests. Any unit or individual that develops and uses water resources has the obligation of protecting water resources in accordance with law.

第七條   國家對水資源依法實行取水許可制度和有償使用制度。但是，農村集體經濟組織及其成員使用本集體經濟組織的水塘、水庫中的水的除外。國務院水行政主管部門負責全國取水許可制度和水資源有償使用制度的組織實施。

Article 7 For water resources the State applies, in accordance with law, the system of licensing for water -taking and the system of compensation for use of water. However, use by rural economic collectives and their members of the waters of the ponds and reservoirs belonging to those collectives is an exception. The competent department of water administration of the State Council shall be responsible for organizing the implementation of the system of license for water drawing and the system of paid use of water resources nationwide.

第八條   國家厲行節約用水，大力推行節約用水措施，推廣節約用水新技術、新工藝，發展節水型工業、農業和服務業，建立節水型社會。

Article 8 The State encourages strict economy on the use of water, greatly promotes water-conserving measures, spreads the use of new technologies and techniques for water-conserving, develops water-conserving industries, agriculture and services, and builds a water-conserving community.

各級人民政府應當采取措施，加強對節約用水的管理，建立節約用水技術開發推廣體系，培育和發展節約用水產業。

People's governments at various levels shall take measures to improve management of water conservation, establish a system for developing and promoting the use of water-conserving technologies, and foster and develop water-conserving industries.

單位和個人有節約用水的義務。

Every unit and individual shall bear the obligation of water saving.

第九條   國家保護水資源，采取有效措施，保護植被，植樹種草，涵養水源，防治水土流失和水體汙染，改善生態環境。

Article 9 For the purpose of protecting water resources, the State adopts such effective measures as protection of vegetation, planting of trees and grass, conservation of water sources, prevention and control of soil erosion and water -body pollution, and improvement of ecological environment.

第十條   國家鼓勵和支持開發、利用、節約、保護、管理水資源和防治水害的先進科學技術的研究、推廣和應用。

Article 10 The State encourages and supports research, extension and application of advanced science and technology in development, utilization, conservation, protection and management of water resources, and in prevention and control of water disasters.

第十一條   在開發、利用、節約、保護、管理水資源和防治水害等方面成績顯著的單位和個人，由人民政府給予獎勵。

Article 11 Units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in development, utilization, conservation, protection or management of water resources, or in prevention and control of water disasters shall be rewarded by people's governments.

第十二條   國家對水資源實行流域管理與行政區域管理相結合的管理體制。

Article 12 For water resources the State applies the system under which management of river basins is combined with management of administrative regions.

國務院水行政主管部門負責全國水資源的統一管理和監督工作。

The department of water administration under the State Council shall be in charge of the unified administration and supervision of water resources throughout the country.

國務院水行政主管部門在國家確定的重要江河、湖泊設立的流域管理機構（以下簡稱流域管理機構），在所管轄的範圍內行使法律、行政法規規定的和國務院水行政主管部門授予的水資源管理和監督職責。

The institutions for river basin management (hereinafter referred to as river basin authorities, in short), set up by the administrative department for water resources under the State Council for the key rivers and lakes defined as such by the State, shall perform the duties of water resources management and supervision, within the limits of their jurisdiction, specified by laws and administrative regulations and assigned to them by the said department.

縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門按照規定的權限，負責本行政區域內水資源的統一管理和監督工作。

The administrative departments for water resources under the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, within the limits of their specified powers, be responsible for unified management of and supervision over the water resources.

第十三條   國務院有關部門按照職責分工，負責水資源開發、利用、節約和保護的有關工作。

Article 13 The relevant departments under the State Council shall, in conformity with the division of their duties, be responsible for work relating to the development, utilization, conservation and protection of water resources.

縣級以上地方人民政府有關部門按照職責分工，負責本行政區域內水資源開發、利用、節約和保護的有關工作。

The relevant departments under the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in conformity with the division of their duties, be responsible for the development, utilization, conservation and protection of water resources within their administrative regions.

第二章 水資源規劃

Chapter II Planning for Water Resources

第十四條   國家制定全國水資源戰略規劃。

Article 14 The State formulates strategic plans for water resources across the country.

開發、利用、節約、保護水資源和防治水害，應當按照流域、區域統一制定規劃。規劃分為流域規劃和區域規劃。流域規劃包括流域綜合規劃和流域專業規劃；區域規劃包括區域綜合規劃和區域專業規劃。

Unified plans shall, on the basis of river basins and regions, be made for the development, utilization, conservation and protection of water resources and for prevention and control of water disasters. Planning is divided into river basin planning and regional planning. The river basin plans shall include comprehensive river basin plans and special river basin plans; the regional plans shall include comprehensive regional plans and special regional plans.

前款所稱綜合規劃，是指根據經濟社會發展需要和水資源開發利用現狀編制的開發、利用、節約、保護水資源和防治水害的總體部署。前款所稱專業規劃，是指防洪、治澇、灌溉、航運、供水、水力發電、竹木流放、漁業、水資源保護、水土保持、防沙治沙、節約用水等規劃。

The comprehensive plans mentioned in the preceding paragraph are general outline drawn, in light of the need of economic and social development and the present conditions of water resources development and utilization, for the development, utilization, conservation and protection of water resources and for prevention and control of water disasters. The special plans mentioned in the preceding paragraph are plans for flood control, waterlogging prevention, irrigation, navigation, water supply, hydro-electric power generation, bamboo or log rafting, fishery, water resources protection, water and soil conservation, prevention and control of sedimentation, conservation of water, etc.

第十五條   流域範圍內的區域規劃應當服從流域規劃，專業規劃應當服從綜合規劃。

Article 15 The plan for a region within a river basin shall be subordinated to the plan for the river basin, and the special plan shall be subordinated to the comprehensive plan.

流域綜合規劃和區域綜合規劃以及與土地利用關系密切的專業規劃，應當與國民經濟和社會發展規劃以及土地利用總體規劃、城市總體規劃和環境保護規劃相協調，兼顧各地區、各行業的需要。

Comprehensive river basin plans and comprehensive regional plans as well as the special plans closely related to land use shall be coordinated with the plans for national economic and social development, the general plans for land use and general urban plans and plans for environmental protection, and at the same time the needs of various regions and industries shall be taken into consideration.

第十六條   制定規劃，必須進行水資源綜合科學考察和調查評價。水資源綜合科學考察和調查評價，由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門會同同級有關部門組織進行。

Article 16 Comprehensive scientific survey, investigation and assessment of water resources shall be conducted before a plan is formulated. Such survey, investigation and assessment shall be arranged by the administrative department for water resources under the people's government at or above the county level, in conjunction with the relevant departments at the same level.

縣級以上人民政府應當加強水文、水資源信息系統建設。縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門和流域管理機構應當加強對水資源的動態監測。

People's governments at or above the county level shall pay special attention to construction of an information system for hydrologic and water resources. The administrative departments for water resources under the people's governments at or above the county level and the river basin authorities shall pay special attention to dynamic monitoring of water resources.

基本水文資料應當按照國家有關規定予以公開。

The basic hydrological data shall be made public in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.

第十七條   國家確定的重要江河、湖泊的流域綜合規劃，由國務院水行政主管部門會同國務院有關部門和有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府編制，報國務院批準。跨省、自治區、直轄市的其他江河、湖泊的流域綜合規劃和區域綜合規劃，由有關流域管理機構會同江河、湖泊所在地的省、自治區、直轄市人民政府水行政主管部門和有關部門編制，分別經有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府審查提出意見後，報國務院水行政主管部門審核；國務院水行政主管部門征求國務院有關部門意見後，報國務院或者其授權的部門批準。

Article 17 Comprehensive river basin plans for key rivers and lakes defined as such by the State Shall be worked out by the administrative department for water resources under the State Council, in conjunction with the relevant departments under the State Council and the relevant people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, and they shall be submitted to the State Council for approval. The comprehensive river basin plans and comprehensive regional plans for other rivers and lakes that run or straddle across provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be worked out by the relevant river basin authorities, in conjunction with the administrative departments for water resources and the relevant departments under the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government where the rivers run across or the lakes are located, and these plans shall be examined and commented by the relevant people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, before they are submitted to the administrative department for water resources under the State Council for examination and verification; the administrative department for water resources under the State Council shall consult the relevant departments under the State Council before submitting the plans to the State Council, or the department authorized by it, for approval.

前款規定以外的其他江河、湖泊的流域綜合規劃和區域綜合規劃，由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門會同同級有關部門和有關地方人民政府編制，報本級人民政府或者其授權的部門批準，並報上一級水行政主管部門備案。

The comprehensive river basin plans and comprehensive regional plans for rivers and lakes other than the ones specified in the preceding paragraph shall be worked out by the administrative departments for water resources under the local people's governments at or above the county level, in conjunction with the relevant departments at the same level and local people's governments concerned, and they shall be submitted to the people's governments at the same level, or the departments authorized by the governments, for approval, before they are submitted to the administrative departments for water resources at the next higher level for the record.

專業規劃由縣級以上人民政府有關部門編制，征求同級其他有關部門意見後，報本級人民政府批準。其中，防洪規劃、水土保持規劃的編制、批準，依照防洪法、水土保持法的有關規定執行。

Special plans shall be worked out by the relevant departments under the people's governments at or above the county level, and they shall be submitted to the said people's governments for approval after the other relevant departments at the same level are consulted. With respect to plans for flood control and water and soil conservation, they shall be made and approved in accordance with the relevant provisions in the Flood Control Law and the Law on Water and Soil Conservation respectively.

第十八條   規劃一經批準，必須嚴格執行。

Article 18 Once a plan is approved, it shall be implemented to the better.

經批準的規劃需要修改時，必須按照規劃編制程序經原批準機關批準。

Wherever the approved plan needs to be amended, the amended plan shall, according to the procedure for the formulation of plans, be subject to approval by the original authority that gives approval to the plan.

第十九條   建設水工程，必須符合流域綜合規劃。在國家確定的重要江河、湖泊和跨省、自治區、直轄市的江河、湖泊上建設水工程，未取得有關流域管理機構簽署的符合流域綜合規劃要求的規劃同意書的，建設單位不得開工建設；在其他江河、湖泊上建設水工程，未取得縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門按照管理權限簽署的符合流域綜合規劃要求的規劃同意書的，建設單位不得開工建設。水工程建設涉及防洪的，依照防洪法的有關規定執行；涉及其他地區和行業的，建設單位應當事先征求有關地區和部門的意見。

Article 19 Water projects shall be constructed in conformity with the comprehensive river basin plans. For construction of any waterworks on the key rivers and lakes defined as such by the State or on the rivers or lakes that run or straddle across provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, an construction entity may not start construction without a written consent signed by relevant river basin authority to show that the waterworks meet the requirements of the comprehensive river basin plan. Where the construction of a water project involves prevention of floods, the relevant provisions of the Law on Prevention of Floods shall be observed; where other regions and industries are involved, the construction entity shall solicit comments from the relevant regions and departments in advance.

第三章 水資源開發利用

Chapter III Water Resources Development and Utilization

第二十條   開發、利用水資源，應當堅持興利與除害相結合，兼顧上下遊、左右岸和有關地區之間的利益，充分發揮水資源的綜合效益，並服從防洪的總體安排。

Article 20 In developing and utilizing water resources, the principles of combining promotion of what is beneficial with elimination of what is harmful, taking into account the interests of the regions in both the upper and lower reaches and on both the right and left banks of a river and the interests among the relevant regions, giving full play to the overall benefits of water resources, and subordinating to the overall arrangements for flood control shall be adhered to.

第二十一條   開發、利用水資源，應當首先滿足城鄉居民生活用水，並兼顧農業、工業、生態環境用水以及航運等需要。

Article 21 In developing and utilizing water resources, attention shall first be paid to satisfying the urban inhabitants' need of water in their daily lives, while taking into consideration the need of water in agriculture, industry and ecological environment, and the need of navigation, etc.

在幹旱和半幹旱地區開發、利用水資源，應當充分考慮生態環境用水需要。

In developing and utilizing water resources in arid and semi- arid areas, full consideration shall be given to the need of water in ecological environment.

第二十二條   跨流域調水，應當進行全面規劃和科學論證，統籌兼顧調出和調入流域的用水需要，防止對生態環境造成破壞。

Article 22 For diversion of water across river basins, all-round planning and scientific demonstration shall be needed, overall consideration shall be given to the need of water by both the river basins where water is diverted from and the river basins where water is diverted to, and damages to ecological environment shall be prevented.

第二十三條   地方各級人民政府應當結合本地區水資源的實際情況，按照地表水與地下水統一調度開發、開源與節流相結合、節流優先和汙水處理再利用的原則，合理組織開發、綜合利用水資源。

Article 23 Local people's governments at all levels shall make rational arrangements for development and multipurpose use of water resources in light of the actual conditions of the local water resources on the principle of unified control over development of surface water and groundwater, combination of the tapping of new resources with water conservation, giving priority to water conservation, and recycling sewage water.

國民經濟和社會發展規劃以及城市總體規劃的編制、重大建設項目的布局，應當與當地水資源條件和防洪要求相適應，並進行科學論證；在水資源不足的地區，應當對城市規模和建設耗水量大的工業、農業和服務業項目加以限制。

Plans for national economic and social development and general urban plans shall be formulated and major construction projects shall geographically be distributed in such a way as to suit the local conditions of water resources and the need of flood control, and scientific demonstration shall be needed. In areas with insufficient water resources, limitations shall be set on the scale of cities and on construction of industrial, agricultural and service projects that consume large amounts of water.

第二十四條   在水資源短缺的地區，國家鼓勵對雨水和微鹹水的收集、開發、利用和對海水的利用、淡化。

Article 24 In respect of areas that are short of water resources, the State encourages the collection, development and utilization of rainwater and slightly salty water, as well as the exploitation and desalination of seawater.

第二十五條   地方各級人民政府應當加強對灌溉、排澇、水土保持工作的領導，促進農業生產發展；在容易發生鹽堿化和渍害的地區，應當采取措施，控制和降低地下水的水位。

Article 25 Local people's governments at various levels shall provide better guidance in respect of irrigation, draining of waterlogged fields, and water and soil conservation, in order to promote the development of agricultural production. In areas that are prone to salinization and floodwater hazards, measures shall be taken to control or lower the groundwater level.

農村集體經濟組織或者其成員依法在本集體經濟組織所有的集體土地或者承包土地上投資興建水工程設施的，按照誰投資建設誰管理和誰受益的原則，對水工程設施及其蓄水進行管理和合理使用。

Where rural economic collectives or their members, in accordance with law, invest in construction of waterworks on land owned by the collectives or on land contracted, they shall, on the principle of "those who invest in construction shall manage and receive the benefits", manage and make rational use of the waterworks and the water stored.

農村集體經濟組織修建水庫應當經縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門批準。

Construction of reservoirs by rural economic collectives shall be subject to approval by the administrative departments for water resources under the people's governments at or above the county level.

第二十六條   國家鼓勵開發、利用水能資源。在水能豐富的河流，應當有計劃地進行多目標梯級開發。

Article 26 The state shall encourage the development and utilization of hydraulic power potentials. Multipurpose cascade development should be carried out in a planned way on rivers rich in hydropower.

建設水力發電站，應當保護生態環境，兼顧防洪、供水、灌溉、航運、竹木流放和漁業等方面的需要。

In the development of hydropower stations, the ecological environment shall be protected, and the needs for flood control, water supply, irrigation, navigation, bamboo and log rafting, fishery, etc. shall be taken into account.

第二十七條   國家鼓勵開發、利用水運資源。在水生生物洄遊通道、通航或者竹木流放的河流上修建永久性攔河閘壩，建設單位應當同時修建過魚、過船、過木設施，或者經國務院授權的部門批準采取其他補救措施，並妥善安排施工和蓄水期間的水生生物保護、航運和竹木流放，所需費用由建設單位承擔。

Article 27 The State encourages the development and utilization of water transport resources. When having permanent dams or sluice gates built across the migration routes of aquatic life or across rivers for navigation or bamboo and log rafting, the units that launch such projects shall have facilities for the passage of fish and ships or for bamboo and log rafting built simultaneously, or take other remedial measures upon approval by the departments authorized by the State Council and, in addition, they shall make proper arrangements for protection of aquatic life, for navigation, and for bamboo and log rafting during the period of construction and water-storing and bear the expenses incurred thereby.

在不通航的河流或者人工水道上修建閘壩後可以通航的，閘壩建設單位應當同時修建過船設施或者預留過船設施位置。

Where a non-navigable river or man-made waterway becomes navigable after a dam or sluice-gate is built, the construction entity shall simultaneously build facilities for the passage of ships or reserve sites for such facilities.

第二十八條   任何單位和個人引水、截（蓄）水、排水，不得損害公共利益和他人的合法權益。

Article 28 No unit or individual may divert, intercept (store) or drain off water at the expense of public interests or another person's legitimate rights and interests.

第二十九條   國家對水工程建設移民實行開發性移民的方針，按照前期補償、補助與後期扶持相結合的原則，妥善安排移民的生產和生活，保護移民的合法權益。

Article 29 The State applies a development-oriented policy with regard to construction of waterworks that involves relocation of people and, on the principle of combining compensation or subsidies given in the early stage with assistance given in the later stage, makes proper arrangements for production and daily lives of the relocated people and protects their legitimate rights and interests.

移民安置應當與工程建設同步進行。建設單位應當根據安置地區的環境容量和可持續發展的原則，因地制宜，編制移民安置規劃，經依法批準後，由有關地方人民政府組織實施。所需移民經費列入工程建設投資計劃。

The resettlement of inhabitants shall be conducted at the same pace as that of the project construction. The unit launching the construction project shall, on the basis of the ambient capacity of the places where people are to be located and the principle of sustainable development, work out a plan for arrangements to be made for such people in light of the local conditions, which, upon approval in accordance with law, shall be implemented through arrangement by the local people's government concerned. Funds needed for relocation of inhabitants shall be included in the investment plan for project construction.

第四章 水資源、水域和水工程的保護

Chapter 4 Water Resources, Water Areas and Works

第三十條   縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門、流域管理機構以及其他有關部門在制定水資源開發、利用規劃和調度水資源時，應當注意維持江河的合理流量和湖泊、水庫以及地下水的合理水位，維護水體的自然淨化能力。

Article 30 When working out plans for development and utilization of water resources and for distribution of water resources, the administrative departments for water resources under the people's governments at or above the county level, the river basin authorities and the other departments concerned shall pay attention to maintaining a proper flow of rivers and keeping the lakes, reservoirs and groundwater at a proper water level in order to maintain the natural purification capability of the water body.

第三十一條   從事水資源開發、利用、節約、保護和防治水害等水事活動，應當遵守經批準的規劃；因違反規劃造成江河和湖泊水域使用功能降低、地下水超采、地面沉降、水體汙染的，應當承擔治理責任。

Article 31 Any unit or individual engaged in activities concerning water, such as development, utilization, conservation and protection of water resources and prevention and control of water disasters, shall follow the approved plans. Where a unit or individual that acts against the plans and thus causes the lowering of the use functions of the rivers or lakes, overexploitation of groundwater, sinking of land surface or pollution of water bodies shall bear the responsibility of bringing such phenomenon under control.

開采礦藏或者建設地下工程，因疏幹排水導致地下水水位下降、水源枯竭或者地面塌陷，采礦單位或者建設單位應當采取補救措施；對他人生活和生產造成損失的，依法給予補償。

Where dredging or draining of water, necessitated by mining construction of underground project, results in the lowering of groundwater level, drying up of water source or subsidence of ground, the unit that launches the mining or the construction project shall take remedial measures, and where losses are caused to other people's lives and production, it shall compensate for the losses in accordance with law.

第三十二條   國務院水行政主管部門會同國務院環境保護行政主管部門、有關部門和有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府，按照流域綜合規劃、水資源保護規劃和經濟社會發展要求，擬定國家確定的重要江河、湖泊的水功能區劃，報國務院批準。跨省、自治區、直轄市的其他江河、湖泊的水功能區劃，由有關流域管理機構會同江河、湖泊所在地的省、自治區、直轄市人民政府水行政主管部門、環境保護行政主管部門和其他有關部門擬定，分別經有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府審查提出意見後，由國務院水行政主管部門會同國務院環境保護行政主管部門審核，報國務院或者其授權的部門批準。

Article 32 The administrative department for water resources under the State Council shall, in conjunction with the administrative department for environmental protection and the relevant department under the State Council and the relevant people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government and in line with the comprehensive river basin plans, water resources protection plans and the need of economic and social development, divide water function zones along key rivers and lakes defined as such by the State, which shall be submitted to the State Council for approval. Such zones along other rivers and lakes across provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be divided by the relevant river basin authorities, in conjunction with the administrative departments for water resources, for environmental protection and other departments concerned under the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government where rivers and lakes are located, which shall be examined by, and on which comments shall be solicited respectively from, the relevant people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, before they are further examined by the administrative department for water resources under the State Council in conjunction with the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council and then they shall be submitted to the State Council or the department authorized by it for approval.

前款規定以外的其他江河、湖泊的水功能區劃，由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門會同同級人民政府環境保護行政主管部門和有關部門擬定，報同級人民政府或者其授權的部門批準，並報上一級水行政主管部門和環境保護行政主管部門備案。

Water function zones along rivers and lakes other than the ones specified in the preceding paragraph shall be divided by the administrative departments for water resources under the local people's governments at or above the county level, in conjunction with the administrative departments for environmental protection and the departments concerned under the people's governments at the same level, and shall be submitted to the people's governments at the same level or the departments they authorized for approval, and to the administrative departments for water resources and for environmental protection under the people's governments at the next higher level for the record.

縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構應當按照水功能區對水質的要求和水體的自然淨化能力，核定該水域的納汙能力，向環境保護行政主管部門提出該水域的限制排汙總量意見。

The administrative departments for water resources under the people's government at or above the county level or the river basin authority shall, on the basis of the water quality required by a water function zone and the natural purification capacity of the water bodies of the zone, check and define the pollution-carrying capacity of the water areas there and make proposals to the administrative department for environmental protection on limitation of the total amount of pollution discharged to the said areas.

縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門和流域管理機構應當對水功能區的水質狀況進行監測，發現重點汙染物排放總量超過控制指標的，或者水功能區的水質未達到水域使用功能對水質的要求的，應當及時報告有關人民政府采取治理措施，並向環境保護行政主管部門通報。

The administrative departments for water resources under the local people's governments at or above the county level or river basin authorities shall monitor the quality of water in water function zones and, when discovering that the total amount of major pollutants discharged exceeds the control norm or water quality in water function zones falls short of the standard required by the use function of the water areas, promptly report the matter to the people's government concerned for taking control measures and report to the administrative departments for environmental protection in a circular.

第三十三條   國家建立飲用水水源保護區制度。省、自治區、直轄市人民政府應當劃定飲用水水源保護區，並采取措施，防止水源枯竭和水體汙染，保證城鄉居民飲用水安全。

Article 33 The State shall practice the system of sources protection zones for drinking water. The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government shall define the drying-up of the water sources and pollution of the water bodies, for the purpose of ensuring town and country residents' safety in respect of drinking water.

第三十四條   禁止在飲用水水源保護區內設置排汙口。

Article 34 Construction of any outlet for sewage discharge in the protection zones of drinking water sources is prohibited.

在江河、湖泊新建、改建或者擴大排汙口，應當經過有管轄權的水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構同意，由環境保護行政主管部門負責對該建設項目的環境影響報告書進行審批。

Construction, reconstruction or expansion of a sewage discharge outlet along rivers or lakes shall be subject to permission by the administrative department for water resources or the river basin authority that has jurisdiction over the matter, and the administrative department for environmental protection shall be responsible for examination of the written report on the impact of the construction project on the environment before giving approval.

第三十五條   從事工程建設，占用農業灌溉水源、灌排工程設施，或者對原有灌溉用水、供水水源有不利影響的，建設單位應當采取相應的補救措施；造成損失的，依法給予補償。

Article 35 Where a construction project occupies water sources for agricultural irrigation or irrigation and drainage facilities, or has an adverse effect on the original water for irrigation and sources for water supply, the unit that launches the project shall take the necessary remedial measures. Where losses are caused, it shall compensate for the losses in accordance with law.

第三十六條   在地下水超采地區，縣級以上地方人民政府應當采取措施，嚴格控制開采地下水。在地下水嚴重超采地區，經省、自治區、直轄市人民政府批準，可以劃定地下水禁止開采或者限制開采區。在沿海地區開采地下水，應當經過科學論證，並采取措施，防止地面沉降和海水入侵。

Article 36 In areas where groundwater is overexploited, the local people's governments at or above the county level shall take measures to keep exploitation of groundwater under strict control. In areas where groundwater has been overexploited to a serious extent, certain areas may, upon approval by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, be defined as areas where exploitation of groundwater is prohibited or restricted. Exploitation of groundwater in coastal areas shall undergo scientific demonstration, and measures shall be taken to prevent sinking of land surface and encroachment by seawater.

第三十七條   禁止在江河、湖泊、水庫、運河、渠道內棄置、堆放阻礙行洪的物體和種植阻礙行洪的林木及高稈作物。

Article 37 No one may throw away or pile up objects or plant forest trees or high stalk crops in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals or channels, which block the passage of flood water.

禁止在河道管理範圍內建設妨礙行洪的建築物、構築物以及從事影響河勢穩定、危害河岸堤防安全和其他妨礙河道行洪的活動。

Construction of buildings and structures blocking flood passage or activities adversely affecting the stability of river regime or threatening the safety of river banks or dikes or other activities impeding flood passage within the range of riverway administration is prohibited.

第三十八條   在河道管理範圍內建設橋梁、碼頭和其他攔河、跨河、臨河建築物、構築物，鋪設跨河管道、電纜，應當符合國家規定的防洪標準和其他有關的技術要求，工程建設方案應當依照防洪法的有關規定報經有關水行政主管部門審查同意。

Article 38 In an area under river course control, construction of a bridge, wharf or other building or structure that blocks, spans or borders on a river, or laying of pipes or cables across a river, shall meet the flood control standard and other relevant technical requirements specified by the State, and the plans made for construction of the project shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions in the Flood Control Law, be submitted to administrative department for water resources for examination and approval.

因建設前款工程設施，需要擴建、改建、拆除或者損壞原有水工程設施的，建設單位應當負擔擴建、改建的費用和損失補償。但是，原有工程設施屬於違法工程的除外。

Where for the construction of a project mentioned in the preceding paragraph it is necessary to expand, rebuild, dismantle or damage the existing waterworks, the unit launching the construction project shall bear the expenses incurred by the expansion and rebuilding or compensate for the losses incurred. However, if the original engineering facilities are illegal, an exception shall be made.

第三十九條   國家實行河道采砂許可制度。河道采砂許可制度實施辦法，由國務院規定。

Article 39 The State applies a licensing system for sand quarrying in river courses. Measures for implementing the licensing system for sand quarrying in river courses shall be formulated by the State Council.

在河道管理範圍內采砂，影響河勢穩定或者危及堤防安全的，有關縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門應當劃定禁采區和規定禁采期，並予以公告。

Where sand quarrying in areas under river course control that may adversely affect the stability of the river condition or endanger safety of the dikes, the administrative departments for water resources under the relevant people's governments at or above the county level shall delimit no-quarry areas or fix no-quarry periods, which they shall make known to the general public.

第四十條   禁止圍湖造地。已經圍墾的，應當按照國家規定的防洪標準有計劃地退地還湖。

Article 40 Reclamation of land from lakes is prohibited. The parts already reclaimed shall be restored as parts of the lake in a planned way according to the flood control standard formulated by the State.

禁止圍墾河道。確需圍墾的，應當經過科學論證，經省、自治區、直轄市人民政府水行政主管部門或者國務院水行政主管部門同意後，報本級人民政府批準。

Reclamation of river channels is prohibited. Where it is really necessary to do that, the matter shall be subject to scientific demonstration and to permission by the administrative department for water resources under the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government or by the administrative department for water resources under the State Council, before it is submitted to the people's government at the corresponding level for approval.

第四十一條   單位和個人有保護水工程的義務，不得侵占、毀壞堤防、護岸、防汛、水文監測、水文地質監測等工程設施。

Article 41 All units and individuals have the obligation of protecting waterworks, none of them may occupy or damage dykes, bank revetments, flood control facilities or equipment for hydrological monitoring or hydro-geological monitoring.

第四十二條   縣級以上地方人民政府應當采取措施，保障本行政區域內水工程，特別是水壩和堤防的安全，限期消除險情。水行政主管部門應當加強對水工程安全的監督管理。

Article 42 Local people's governments at or above the county level shall take measures for safeguarding the waterworks within their administrative areas, especially the safety of dams and dykes, and eliminate dangers within a given time limit. The administrative departments for water resources shall strengthen supervision over the safety of waterworks.

第四十三條   國家對水工程實施保護。國家所有的水工程應當按照國務院的規定劃定工程管理和保護範圍。

Article 43 The State protects waterworks. For the water projects owned by the state, the scope of project administration and protection shall be delimited according to the provisions of the State Council.

國務院水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構管理的水工程，由主管部門或者流域管理機構商有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府劃定工程管理和保護範圍。

The scope of management and protection of the waterworks under the control of the administrative department for water resources under the State Council or the river basin authority shall be defined by the said department or authority, through consultation with the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government.

前款規定以外的其他水工程，應當按照省、自治區、直轄市人民政府的規定，劃定工程保護範圍和保護職責。

The scope and duty of protection for waterworks other than the ones mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be defined in accordance with the regulations of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government.

在水工程保護範圍內，禁止從事影響水工程運行和危害水工程安全的爆破、打井、采石、取土等活動。

Within the scope of protection for waterworks, activities such as blasting, well digging, quarrying and earth digging that may adversely affect the operation or endanger the safety of waterworks are prohibited.

第五章 水資源配置和節約使用

Chapter 5 Allocation and Economical Use of Water Resources

第四十四條   國務院發展計劃主管部門和國務院水行政主管部門負責全國水資源的宏觀調配。全國的和跨省、自治區、直轄市的水中長期供求規劃，由國務院水行政主管部門會同有關部門制訂，經國務院發展計劃主管部門審查批準後執行。地方的水中長期供求規劃，由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門會同同級有關部門依據上一級水中長期供求規劃和本地區的實際情況制訂，經本級人民政府發展計劃主管部門審查批準後執行。

Article 44 The administrative department for development and planning and the administrative department for water resources under the State Council are responsible for macro-allocation of the water resources nationwide. The medium and long-term plans of water supply and demand for the whole country or such plans that cover more than one province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall be drawn up by the administrative department for water resources under the State Council, in conjunction with the departments concerned, and shall be implemented after examination and approval by the administrative department for development and planning under the State Council. The local medium and long-term plans for water supply and demand shall, on the basis of the medium and long-term plans for water supply and demand at the next higher level and in light of the actual local conditions, be drawn up by the administrative departments for water resources under the local people's governments at or above the county level, in conjunction with the departments concerned at the same level, and the plans shall be implemented after examination and approval by the administrative departments for development and planning under the people's governments at the same level.

水中長期供求規劃應當依據水的供求現狀、國民經濟和社會發展規劃、流域規劃、區域規劃，按照水資源供需協調、綜合平衡、保護生態、厲行節約、合理開源的原則制定。

The medium and long-term plans for supply and demand of water shall be drawn up on the basis of the current supply and demand of water, plans for national economic and social development, river basin plans and regional plans and on the principle of coordinated supply and demand of water resources, comprehensive balancing of all interests, protection of ecology, strictly practicing of economy and rational development of water resources.

第四十五條   調蓄徑流和分配水量，應當依據流域規劃和水中長期供求規劃，以流域為單元制定水量分配方案。

Article 45 For regulating runoff and storing water, and for allocating the volume of water, a river basin shall be made a unit in formulating water allocation plans in accordance with the river basin plans and the medium and long-term plans of water supply and demand.

跨省、自治區、直轄市的水量分配方案和旱情緊急情況下的水量調度預案，由流域管理機構商有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府制訂，報國務院或者其授權的部門批準後執行。其他跨行政區域的水量分配方案和旱情緊急情況下的水量調度預案，由共同的上一級人民政府水行政主管部門商有關地方人民政府制訂，報本級人民政府批準後執行。

Water allocation plans and preliminary plans for water distribution under drought and emergency conditions that cover more than one province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall be worked out by the river basin authorities through consultation with the relevant people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, which shall be implemented upon approval by the State Council or the department authorized by the State Council. Other water allocation plans and preliminary plans for water distribution under drought and emergency conditions that cover more than one administrative region shall be worked out by the same administrative department for water resources under the people's government at the next higher level through consultation with the relevant local people's governments, which shall be implemented upon approval by the people's governments which the administrative regions belong to respectively.

水量分配方案和旱情緊急情況下的水量調度預案經批準後，有關地方人民政府必須執行。

Water allocation plans and the preliminary plans for water distribution under drought and emergency conditions shall be executed by the local people's governments concerned.

在不同行政區域之間的邊界河流上建設水資源開發、利用項目，應當符合該流域經批準的水量分配方案，由有關縣級以上地方人民政府報共同的上一級人民政府水行政主管部門或者有關流域管理機構批準。

Projects for development and utilization of water resources to be constructed across rivers bordering on different administrative regions shall conform to the approved water allocation plans for the river basins in question and shall be submitted by the relevant local people's governments at or above the county level to the same administrative department for water resources under the people's government at the next higher level or the relevant river basin authority for approval.

第四十六條   縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構應當根據批準的水量分配方案和年度預測來水量，制定年度水量分配方案和調度計劃，實施水量統一調度；有關地方人民政府必須服從。

Article 46 The administrative departments for water resources under the local people's governments at or above the county level or the river basin authorities shall, on the basis of the approved water allocation plans and the predicted annual volume of in-coming water, work out annual water allocation plans and distribution plans for unified distribution of the volume of water, and the local people's governments concerned shall follow them.

國家確定的重要江河、湖泊的年度水量分配方案，應當納入國家的國民經濟和社會發展年度計劃。

Annual water allocation plans for the key rivers and lakes defined as such by the State shall be incorporated into the annual plans for national economic and social development.

第四十七條   國家對用水實行總量控制和定額管理相結合的制度。

Article 47 The State applies a system for the use of water under which control over the total volume is combined with control over the quotas.

省、自治區、直轄市人民政府有關行業主管部門應當制訂本行政區域內行業用水定額，報同級水行政主管部門和質量監督檢驗行政主管部門審核同意後，由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府公布，並報國務院水行政主管部門和國務院質量監督檢驗行政主管部門備案。

The administrative departments for the relevant trades under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall set quotas for water use by different trades in their administrative regions, which shall be submitted to the administrative departments for water resources and the administrative departments for quality supervision and inspection at the same level for examination and permission, before the quotas are made known to the public by the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and are submitted to the administrative department for water resources and the administrative department for quality supervision and inspection under the State Council for the record.

縣級以上地方人民政府發展計劃主管部門會同同級水行政主管部門，根據用水定額、經濟技術條件以及水量分配方案確定的可供本行政區域使用的水量，制定年度用水計劃，對本行政區域內的年度用水實行總量控制。

The administrative departments for development and planning under the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in conjunction with the administrative departments for water resources at the same level and on the basis of the quotas for water use, the economic and technical conditions and the volume of water available for use in their administrative regions as is determined in the water allocation plans, work out their annual plans for water use, in order to exercise control over the total volume of water to be used in their administrative regions annually.

第四十八條   直接從江河、湖泊或者地下取用水資源的單位和個人，應當按照國家取水許可制度和水資源有償使用制度的規定，向水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構申請領取取水許可證，並繳納水資源費，取得取水權。但是，家庭生活和零星散養、圈養畜禽飲用等少量取水的除外。

Article 48 Any unit or individual that takes water and uses water resources directly from a river or lake or from the underground shall, in accordance with the regulations of the licensing system of the State for water -taking and the system for compensated use of water resources, apply to the administrative department for water resources or the river basin authority for a water-taking license and pay water resources fees, in order to acquire the right to take water. However, the small amount of water drawn as drinking water for family life, or livestock or poultry under sporadic or enclosed breeding, etc. shall be excluded.

實施取水許可制度和征收管理水資源費的具體辦法，由國務院規定。

Specific measures for implementing the licensing system for water-taking and for collecting fees for management of water resources shall be formulated by the State Council.

第四十九條   用水應當計量，並按照批準的用水計劃用水。

Article 49 The use of water shall be measured and water shall be used in accordance with the approved plan for water use.

用水實行計量收費和超定額累進加價制度。

The measurement charging and progressive payment systems for the exceeding of quota shall be adopted for the water consumption.

第五十條   各級人民政府應當推行節水灌溉方式和節水技術，對農業蓄水、輸水工程采取必要的防滲漏措施，提高農業用水效率。

Article 50 People's governments at various levels shall promote water-conserving irrigation methods and water-conserving technologies, and shall take necessary measures to prevent seepage in agricultural projects for storing and transmitting water, in order to increase the efficiency of water use in agriculture.

第五十一條   工業用水應當采用先進技術、工藝和設備，增加循環用水次數，提高水的重複利用率。

Article 51 For use of water in industry, advanced technology, techniques and equipment shall be applied to increase the frequency of the use of circulated water and the ratio of the use of recycled water.

國家逐步淘汰落後的、耗水量高的工藝、設備和產品，具體名錄由國務院經濟綜合主管部門會同國務院水行政主管部門和有關部門制定並公布。生產者、銷售者或者生產經營中的使用者應當在規定的時間內停止生產、銷售或者使用列入名錄的工藝、設備和產品。

The State gradually eliminates the techniques, equipment and products that are outdated and are of high water-consumption. The specific list for them shall be complied and published by the department for comprehensive administration of the economy under the State Council, in conjunction with the administrative department for water resources and the relevant departments under the State Council. Manufacturers, sellers and users in the process of production and operation shall, within a specified time limit, desist from manufacturing, selling or using the techniques, equipment and products included in the list.

第五十二條   城市人民政府應當因地制宜采取有效措施，推廣節水型生活用水器具，降低城市供水管網漏失率，提高生活用水效率；加強城市汙水集中處理，鼓勵使用再生水，提高汙水再生利用率。

Article 52 Urban people's governments shall take effective measures, as are suited to local conditions, to promote the use of water-conserving household utensils, lower the leakage rate of the urban water supply network and increase the efficiency of domestic water use; they shall pay attention to centralized treatment of sewage water in cities and encourage the use of recycled water, in order to increase the utilization ratio of recycled sewage water.

第五十三條   新建、擴建、改建建設項目，應當制訂節水措施方案，配套建設節水設施。節水設施應當與主體工程同時設計、同時施工、同時投產。

Article 53 For construction, expansion or reconstruction of a project, plans for water-conserving measures shall be worked out to build water-conserving facilities in support of the project. The water-saving facilities shall be designed, constructed and put into use at the same time as that of the principal project.

供水企業和自建供水設施的單位應當加強供水設施的維護管理，減少水的漏失。

Water-supplying enterprises and units that build their own facilities shall pay special attention to maintenance of the facilities to reduce water loss.

第五十四條   各級人民政府應當積極采取措施，改善城鄉居民的飲用水條件。

Article 54 People's governments at all levels shall take effective measures to improve the conditions of drinking water for town and country residents.

第五十五條   使用水工程供應的水，應當按照國家規定向供水單位繳納水費。供水價格應當按照補償成本、合理收益、優質優價、公平負擔的原則確定。具體辦法由省級以上人民政府價格主管部門會同同級水行政主管部門或者其他供水行政主管部門依據職權制定。

Article 55 Where water is supplied by waterworks, the user shall, in accordance with the regulations of the State, pay charges to the water-supply unit. The price of water supply shall be fixed in accordance with the principles of compensatory cost, reasonable profits, high quality and favorable price, and fair burden. The specific measures shall be formulated by the administrative departments for pricing under the people's governments at or above the provincial level, in conjunction with the administrative departments for water resources or administrative departments for water supply at the same level, within the limits of their powers.

第六章 水事糾紛處理與執法監督檢查

Chapter 6 Resolution of Water Disputes and Supervision over and Inspection of Law-enforcement

第五十六條   不同行政區域之間發生水事糾紛的，應當協商處理；協商不成的，由上一級人民政府裁決，有關各方必須遵照執行。在水事糾紛解決前，未經各方達成協議或者共同的上一級人民政府批準，在行政區域交界線兩側一定範圍內，任何一方不得修建排水、阻水、取水和截（蓄）水工程，不得單方面改變水的現狀。

Article 56 Where a dispute over water arises between different administrative regions, it shall be resolved through consultation. If consultation is unsuccessful, it shall be subject to ruling by the people's government at the next higher level, which the parties concerned shall strictly abide by. Pending settlement of the dispute, none of the parties may, in the absence of an agreement reached between the parties or approval granted by the same people's government at the next higher level, build any projects for draining, blocking, taking or intercepting (storing) water or unilaterally alter the existing water regime within a certain area on each side of the common boundary of the administrative regions.

第五十七條   單位之間、個人之間、單位與個人之間發生的水事糾紛，應當協商解決；當事人不願協商或者協商不成的，可以申請縣級以上地方人民政府或者其授權的部門調解，也可以直接向人民法院提起民事訴訟。縣級以上地方人民政府或者其授權的部門調解不成的，當事人可以向人民法院提起民事訴訟。

Article 57 Disputes over water that arise between units or individuals or between units and individuals shall be resolved through consultation. Where the parties are not willing to have them resolved through consultation or where consultation is unsuccessful, they may apply to the local people's governments at or above the county level or the departments authorized by them for conciliation, or institute a civil action directly in the people's court. Where conciliation by a local people's government at or above the county level or the department authorized by it is unsuccessful, the parties may institute a civil action in the people's court.

在水事糾紛解決前，當事人不得單方面改變現狀。

Pending a settlement of the dispute, none of the parties may unilaterally alter the existing water regime.

第五十八條   縣級以上人民政府或者其授權的部門在處理水事糾紛時，有權采取臨時處置措施，有關各方或者當事人必須服從。

Article 58 When handling any dispute concerning water, the local people's government at or above the county level or the department authorized by it shall have the power to take temporary measures for settlement, which all the sides concerned or the parties shall abide by.

第五十九條   縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門和流域管理機構應當對違反本法的行為加強監督檢查並依法進行查處。

Article 59 The administrative departments for water resources under the people's governments at or above the county level and the river basin authorities shall exercise strict supervision over and inspection of violations of this Law and conduct investigation into and deal with them in accordance with law.

水政監督檢查人員應當忠於職守，秉公執法。

The functionaries of water supervision and inspection shall be devoted to their duties and enforce the law impartially.

第六十條   縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門、流域管理機構及其水政監督檢查人員履行本法規定的監督檢查職責時，有權采取下列措施:

Article 60 When performing their duties of supervision and inspection as stipulated in this Law, the administrative departments for water resources under the people's governments at or above the county level, river basin authorities and supervisors and inspectors therefrom shall have the power to take the following measures:

（一）要求被檢查單位提供有關文件、證照、資料；

1. to require the units under inspection to provide the relevant documents, certificates and licenses, and materials;

（二）要求被檢查單位就執行本法的有關問題作出說明；

2. requesting the unit under inspection to make explanations to the questions related to implementation of this Law;

（三）進入被檢查單位的生產場所進行調查；

(III) enter the production sites of the entities under inspection to make investigation;

（四）責令被檢查單位停止違反本法的行為，履行法定義務。

(IV) ordering the unit under inspection to desist from violating this Law and to perform their statutory obligations.

第六十一條   有關單位或者個人對水政監督檢查人員的監督檢查工作應當給予配合，不得拒絕或者阻礙水政監督檢查人員依法執行職務。

Article 61 The units or individuals concerned shall cooperate with the supervision and inspection carried out by the supervisors and inspectors for administration of water resources, and none of them may refuse to do so or impede the said supervisors and inspectors in performing their duties in accordance with law.

第六十二條   水政監督檢查人員在履行監督檢查職責時，應當向被檢查單位或者個人出示執法證件。

Article 62 When performing their duties, the supervisors and inspectors for administration of water resources shall show their law-enforcement papers to the units or individuals under inspection.

第六十三條   縣級以上人民政府或者上級水行政主管部門發現本級或者下級水行政主管部門在監督檢查工作中有違法或者失職行為的，應當責令其限期改正。

Article 63 Where people's governments at or above the county level or the administrative departments for water resources at a higher level discover violations of law or negligence of duty committed by the administrative department for water resources at the same level or a lower level in supervision and inspection, they shall order the latter to rectify within a time limit.

第七章 法律責任

Chapter 7 Legal Liabilities

第六十四條   水行政主管部門或者其他有關部門以及水工程管理單位及其工作人員，利用職務上的便利收取他人財物、其他好處或者玩忽職守，對不符合法定條 件的單位或者個人核發許可證、簽署審查同意意見，不按照水量分配方案分配水量，不按照國家有關規定收取水資源費，不履行監督職責，或者發現違法行為不予查處，造成嚴重後果，構成犯罪的，對負有責任的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依照刑法的有關規定追究刑事責任；尚不夠刑事處罰的，依法給予行政處分。

Article 64 Where administrative departments for water resources or other departments concerned, or units for control of waterworks, or their staff members, taking advantage of their positions, accept another person's money or things of value or other benefits, or neglect their duties, or issue licenses or sign permission after examination to units or individuals that do not meet the statutory requirements, or fail to allocate water in accordance with the plans for water allocation or to collect water resource fees in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, or fail to perform their duty of supervision, or fail to investigate and deal with violations of law discovered, which causes serious consequences and constitutes a crime, the persons directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions in the Criminal Law; if the violation is not serious enough for criminal punishment, they shall be given administrative sanctions in accordance with law.

第六十五條   在河道管理範圍內建設妨礙行洪的建築物、構築物，或者從事影響河勢穩定、危害河岸堤防安全和其他妨礙河道行洪的活動的，由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構依據職權，責令停止違法行為，限期拆除違法建築物、構築物，恢複原狀；逾期不拆除、不恢複原狀的，強行拆除，所需費用由違法單位或者個人負擔，並處一萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款。

Article 65 Where a unit or individual, in areas under river course control, puts up buildings or structures that block the passage of flood water, or engages in activities that adversely affect the stability of the river condition or safety of the river embankment or other activities that block the passage of flood water through the river course, the administrative department for water resources under the people's government at or above the county level or the river basin authority shall, within the limits of their powers, instruct it/him to desist from the violation, dismantle the unlawful buildings or structures within a time limit and restore the original state. If the unit or individual fails to dismantle the buildings or structures and restore the original state at the expiration of the time limit, such dismantling shall be enforced, and the unit or individual in question shall bear the expenses incurred and shall, in addition, be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

未經水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構同意，擅自修建水工程，或者建設橋梁、碼頭和其他攔河、跨河、臨河建築物、構築物，鋪設跨河管道、電纜，且防洪法未作規定的，由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構依據職權，責令停止違法行為，限期補辦有關手續；逾期不補辦或者補辦未被批準的，責令限期拆除違法建築物、構築物；逾期不拆除的，強行拆除，所需費用由違法單位或者個人負擔，並處一萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款。

Where a unit or individual, without permission by the administrative departments for water resources or the river basin authority, constructs other building or structure that blocks, spans or borders on a river, or lays pipes or cables across a river, for which no provisions are stipulated in the Flood Prevention Law, the administrative departments for water resources under the people's government at or above the county level or the river basin authority shall, within the limits of its powers, instruct it/him to desist from the violation and to go through the necessary formalities within a time limit. If the unit or individual fails to go through the formalities at the expiration of the time limit or obtains no approval, it/he shall be instructed to dismantle the unlawful building or structure within a time limit; if the building or structure is not dismantled at the expiration of the time limit, dismantling shall be enforced, and the unit or individual that violates the law shall bear the expenses incurred and shall, in addition, be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

雖經水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構同意，但未按照要求修建前款所列工程設施的，由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構依據職權，責令限期改正，按照情節輕重，處一萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款。

Where a unit or individual, in spite of the fact that it/he has obtained permission of the administrative departments for water resources or the river basin authority, fails to build the project mentioned in the preceding paragraph according to requirements, the administrative departments for water resources under the people's government at or above the county level or the river basin authority shall, within the limits of its powers, instruct it/him to rectify within a time limit and, depending on the seriousness of the circumstances, impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

第六十六條   有下列行為之一，且防洪法未作規定的，由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構依據職權，責令停止違法行為，限期清除障礙或者采取其他補救措施，處一萬元以上五萬元以下的罰款:

Article 66 Where a unit or individual commits one of the following acts, for which no provisions are stipulated in the Flood Prevention Law, the administrative department for water resources under the people's government at or above the county level or the river basin authority shall, within the limits of its powers, instruct it/him to desist from the violation, clear away the obstructions or take other remedial measures within a time limit, and impose a fine not less than CNY10,000 but not more than CNY50,000:

（一）在江河、湖泊、水庫、運河、渠道內棄置、堆放阻礙行洪的物體和種植阻礙行洪的林木及高稈作物的；

1. abandoning or piling objects, or planting forest trees or high stalk crops in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals or channels, which block the passage of flood water; or

（二）圍湖造地或者未經批準圍墾河道的。

(II) Reclaiming parts of any lake for use as farmland or reclaiming parts of any river channel for use as farmland without approval.

第六十七條   在飲用水水源保護區內設置排汙口的，由縣級以上地方人民政府責令限期拆除、恢複原狀；逾期不拆除、不恢複原狀的，強行拆除、恢複原狀，並處五萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款。

Article 67 Where a unit or individual constructs an outlet for sewage discharge in a protection zone of drinking water sources, the local people's government at or above the county level shall instruct it/him to remove the outlet and restore the original state within a time limit; if it/he fails to comply at the expiration of the time limit, removal of the outlet and restoration to the original state shall be enforced, and the unit or individual shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

未經水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構審查同意，擅自在江河、湖泊新建、改建或者擴大排汙口的，由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構依據職權，責令停止違法行為，限期恢複原狀，處五萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款。

Where a unit or individual, without examination and permission by the administrative departments for water resources or the river basin authority, constructs, reconstructs or expands an outlet for sewage discharge, the administrative departments for water resources under the people's government at or above the county level or the river basin authority shall, within the limits of its powers, instruct it/him to desist from the violation and to restore the original state within a time limit, and shall impose a fine not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

第六十八條   生產、銷售或者在生產經營中使用國家明令淘汰的落後的、耗水量高的工藝、設備和產品的，由縣級以上地方人民政府經濟綜合主管部門責令停止生產、銷售或者使用，處二萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款。

Article 68 Where a unit or individual manufactures or sells outdated or high water-consuming techniques, equipment and products or uses them in the process of production and operation, the department for comprehensive administration of the economy under the local people's government at or above the county level shall instruct it/him to desist form manufacturing, selling or using them and shall impose a fine not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

第六十九條   有下列行為之一的，由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構依據職權，責令停止違法行為，限期采取補救措施，處二萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款；情節嚴重的，吊銷其取水許可證:

Article 69 Where a unit or individual commits one of the following acts, the administrative departments for water resources under the people's government at or above the county level or the river basin authority shall, within the limits of its powers, instruct it/him to desist from the violation and to take remedial measures within a time limit, and shall impose a fine not less than CNY20,000 but not more than CNY100 ,000; if the circumstances are serious, its/his water-taking license shall be revoked:

（一）未經批準擅自取水的；

1. taking water without authorization;

（二）未依照批準的取水許可規定條件取水的。

(II) Failing to draw water in accordance with the conditions prescribed by the approved license for water drawing.

第七十條   拒不繳納、拖延繳納或者拖欠水資源費的，由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構依據職權，責令限期繳納；逾期不繳納的，從滯納之日起按日加收滯納部分千分之二的滯納金，並處應繳或者補繳水資源費一倍以上五倍以下的罰款。

Article 70 Where a unit or individual refuses to pay, delays payment of, or is in arrears with water resources fees, the administrative departments for water resources under the people's government at or above the county level or the river basin authority shall, within the limits of its powers, instruct it/him to make the payment within a time limit; if it/he fails to comply at the expiration of the time limit, it/he shall pay a surcharge for the overdue payment at a daily rate of 0.2 percent of the total amount, counting from the day on which the payment is overdue, and shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount but not more than five times the amount of the water resources fees payable or payable retroactively.

第七十一條   建設項目的節水設施沒有建成或者沒有達到國家規定的要求，擅自投入使用的，由縣級以上人民政府有關部門或者流域管理機構依據職權，責令停止使用，限期改正，處五萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款。

Article 71 Where a unit or individual, without permission, puts to use water-conserving facilities of a project, the construction of which is not completed or which, although completed, do not measure up to the requirements specified by the State, the relevant department under the people's government at or above the county level or the river basin authority shall, within the limits of its powers, instruct it/him to desist from using them and to rectify within a time limit, and shall impose a fine not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

第七十二條   有下列行為之一，構成犯罪的，依照刑法的有關規定追究刑事責任；尚不夠刑事處罰，且防洪法未作規定的，由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構依據職權，責令停止違法行為，采取補救措施，處一萬元以上五萬元以下的罰款；違反治安管理處罰法的，由公安機關依法給予治安管理處罰；給他人造成損失的，依法承擔賠償責任:

Article 72 Where a unit or individual commits one of the following acts, which constitutes a crime, it/he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law; if the case is not serious enough for criminal punishment and no provisions are stipulated in the Flood Prevention Law, the administrative department for water resources under the local people's government at or above the county level or the river basin authority shall, within the limits of its powers, instruct it/him to desist from the violation and take remedial measures, and shall impose a fine not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan; if the Law on Penalties for the Violation of Public Security Administration is violated, the public security organ shall, in accordance with law, mete out punishment to it/him for security administration; and if losses are caused to another person, it/he shall bear the liability to pay compensation:

（一）侵占、毀壞水工程及堤防、護岸等有關設施，毀壞防汛、水文監測、水文地質監測設施的；

1. Seizing or damaging any water project or related facility such as dikes or bank revetments, or damaging any facility for flood prevention, hydrologic monitoring, or hydrogeologic monitoring; or

（二）在水工程保護範圍內，從事影響水工程運行和危害水工程安全的爆破、打井、采石、取土等活動的。

(II) within the area of protection for waterworks, engaging in activities that adversely affect the operation or endanger the safety of waterworks, such as blasting, well digging, quarrying and earth digging.

第七十三條   侵占、盜竊或者搶奪防汛物資，防洪排澇、農田水利、水文監測和測量以及其他水工程設備和器材，貪汙或者挪用國家救災、搶險、防汛、移民安置和補償及其他水利建設款物，構成犯罪的，依照刑法的有關規定追究刑事責任。

Article 73 Anyone who takes illegal possession of, steals or forcibly seizes supplies for flood prevention, equipment or apparatus for flood control, drainage of waterlogged fields, farmland irrigation and hydrological monitoring and measuring or for other waterworks, or anyone who embezzles or misappropriates State funds earmarked for relief of disasters, for use in emergencies, for flood control, for arrangements and compensation to be made for relocated people and for construction of other waterworks, which constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law.

第七十四條   在水事糾紛發生及其處理過程中煽動鬧事、結夥鬥毆、搶奪或者損壞公私財物、非法限制他人人身自由，構成犯罪的，依照刑法的有關規定追究刑事責任；尚不夠刑事處罰的，由公安機關依法給予治安管理處罰。

Article 74 Anyone who, in the course of a dispute over water and of its handling, stirs up unrest, engages in gang fighting, forcibly seizes or damages public or private property, or illegally restricts other persons' freedom of the person, which constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law; if the violation is not serious enough for criminal punishment, the public security organ shall, in accordance with law, mete out punishment to him for security administration.

第七十五條   不同行政區域之間發生水事糾紛，有下列行為之一的，對負有責任的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予行政處分:

Article 75 Where, when a dispute over water arises between different administrative regions, a unit commits one of the following acts, the persons directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be given administrative sanctions in accordance with law:

（一）拒不執行水量分配方案和水量調度預案的；

1. refusing to carry out water allocation plans or preliminary plans for water distribution;

（二）拒不服從水量統一調度的；

2. refusing to comply with the unified diversion of water;

（三）拒不執行上一級人民政府的裁決的；

(III) refusing to execute the ruling of the people's government at the next higher level; or

（四）在水事糾紛解決前，未經各方達成協議或者上一級人民政府批準，單方面違反本法規定改變水的現狀的。

(IV) pending settlement of the dispute over water, in the absence of an agreement reached between the parties or approval granted by the people's government at the next higher level, unilaterally altering the existing water regime in violation of the provisions of this Law.

第七十六條   引水、截（蓄）水、排水，損害公共利益或者他人合法權益的，依法承擔民事責任。

Article 76 Any unit or individual that diverts, intercepts or drains off water at the expense of public interests or another person's legitimate rights and interests shall bear civil liability in accordance with law.

第七十七條   對違反本法第三十九條有關河道采砂許可制度規定的行政處罰，由國務院規定。

Article 77 Administrative penalties to be imposed on violations of the licensing system for sand quarrying in river courses, as prescribed in Article 39 of this Law, shall be drawn up by the State Council.

第八章 附則

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第七十八條   中華人民共和國締結或者參加的與國際或者國境邊界河流、湖泊有關的國際條約、協定與中華人民共和國法律有不同規定的，適用國際條約、協定的規定。但是，中華人民共和國聲明保留的條款除外。

Article 78 Where any international treaty or agreement relating to international or border rivers or lakes, concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China, contains provisions differing from those in the laws of the People's Republic of China, the provisions of the international treaty or agreement shall apply. However, there shall be an exception where the People's Republic of China has declared its reservations.

第七十九條   本法所稱水工程，是指在江河、湖泊和地下水源上開發、利用、控制、調配和保護水資源的各類工程。

Article 79 The waterworks referred to in this Law mean the various kinds of works on rivers, lakes and underground water sources for development, utilization, control, allocation and distribution, and protection of water resources.

第八十條   海水的開發、利用、保護和管理，依照有關法律的規定執行。

Article 80 Seawater shall be developed, utilized, protected and managed in accordance with the provisions in relevant laws.

第八十一條   從事防洪活動，依照防洪法的規定執行。

Article 81 Activities for flood control shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions in the Flood Prevention Law.

水汙染防治，依照水汙染防治法的規定執行。

Water pollution shall be prevented and controlled in accordance with the provisions in the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution.

第八十二條   本法自2002年10月1日起施行。

Article 82 This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 2002.