法律文本

中華人民共和國種子法（2015修訂）

Seed Law of the People's Republic of China (Revision 2015)

主席令第三十五號

Presidential Decree No. 35

《中華人民共和國種子法》已由中華人民共和國第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十七次會議於2015年11月4日修訂通過，現將修訂後的《中華人民共和國種子法》公布，自2016年1月1日起施行。

The Seed Law of the People's Republic of China, revised and adopted at the 17th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on 4 November 2015, is hereby promulgated, effective on 1 January 2016.

中華人民共和國主席 習近平

President Xi Jinping

2015年11月4日

4 November 2015

（2000年7月8日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十六次會議通過根據2004年8月28日第十屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十一次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國種子法〉的決定》第一次修正根據2013年6月29日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第三次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國文物保護法〉等十二部法律的決定》第二次修正 2015年11月4日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十七次會議修訂）

(Adopted at the 16th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on July 8, 2000; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amending the Seed Law of the People's Republic of China at the 11th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on August 28, 2004; amended for the second time according to the Decision on Amending 12 Laws Including the Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China at the 3rd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on June 29, 2013; and revised at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on November 4, 2015)

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了保護和合理利用種質資源，規範品種選育、種子生產經營和管理行為，保護植物新品種權，維護種子生產經營者、使用者的合法權益，提高種子質量，推動種子產業化，發展現代種業，保障國家糧食安全，促進農業和林業的發展，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of protecting and making rational use of germ plasm resources, standardizing the variety selection and the production of, trading in and management of seeds, protecting the right of a new plant variety, safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of seed producers, traders in and users, improving seed quality, pushing forward the industrial management of seeds, developing the modern seed industry, ensuring national food security and promoting the development of agriculture and forestry.

第二條   在中華人民共和國境內從事品種選育、種子生產經營和管理等活動，適用本法。

Article 2 This law applies to the breeding, production, operation, and management of seeds in China.

本法所稱種子，是指農作物和林木的種植材料或者繁殖材料，包括籽粒、果實、根、莖、苗、芽、葉、花等。

For purposes of this Law, seeds mean the materials for planting or propagating crops and forest trees, including grains, fruits, roots, stems, seedlings, sprouts, leaves and flowers.

第三條   國務院農業、林業主管部門分別主管全國農作物種子和林木種子工作；縣級以上地方人民政府農業、林業主管部門分別主管本行政區域內農作物種子和林木種子工作。

Article 3 The administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the State Council shall be respectively in charge of the work related to crop seeds and forest tree seeds throughout the country. The administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the work related to crop seeds and forest tree seeds within their respective administrative regions.

各級人民政府及其有關部門應當采取措施，加強種子執法和監督，依法懲處侵害農民權益的種子違法行為。

People's governments at all levels and the relevant departments under them shall take measures to strengthen law enforcement and supervision in the seed industry, and penalize in accordance with law the illegal acts violating the rights or interests of farmers.

第四條   國家扶持種質資源保護工作和選育、生產、更新、推廣使用良種，鼓勵品種選育和種子生產經營相結合，獎勵在種質資源保護工作和良種選育、推廣等工作中成績顯著的單位和個人。

Article 4 The State supports the efforts to protect germ plasm resources and to select, produce, replace and popularize improved varieties, encourages the combination of variety selection with seed production and trading in seeds, and rewards the entities and individuals that achieve outstanding successes in the protection of germ plasm resources and in the selection and popularization of improved varieties.

第五條   省級以上人民政府應當根據科教興農方針和農業、林業發展的需要制定種業發展規劃並組織實施。

Article 5 People's governments at or above the provincial level shall make plans for seed development in accordance with the guidelines of developing agriculture through science and education and in light of the need for the development of the agriculture industry, and organize the implementation of such plans.

第六條   省級以上人民政府建立種子儲備制度，主要用於發生災害時的生產需要及餘缺調劑，保障農業和林業生產安全。對儲備的種子應當定期檢驗和更新。種子儲備的具體辦法由國務院規定。

Article 6 People's governments at or above the provincial level shall establish a system for reserving seeds, mainly to meet the need of production and regulate supply and demand in times of calamities, and to ensure the safety of agricultural and forestry production. The reserved seeds shall be checked and replaced on a regular basis. The State Council shall provide detailed measures for the seed reserve.

第七條   轉基因植物品種的選育、試驗、審定和推廣應當進行安全性評價，並采取嚴格的安全控制措施。國務院農業、林業主管部門應當加強跟蹤監管並及時公告有關轉基因植物品種審定和推廣的信息。具體辦法由國務院規定。

Article 7 The selection, experiment, verification and popularization of transgenic plant varieties shall be subject to security assessment, and strict security control measures shall be taken. The competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council shall enhance the tracking and supervision and release the information on examination, approval and popularization of transgenic plant varieties in a timely manner. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

第二章 種質資源保護

Chapter 2 Protection of Germ Plasm Resources

第八條   國家依法保護種質資源，任何單位和個人不得侵占和破壞種質資源。

Article 8 The State protects germ plasm resources in accordance with law, and no individual or entity may seize or impair germ plasm resources.

禁止采集或者采伐國家重點保護的天然種質資源。因科研等特殊情況需要采集或者采伐的，應當經國務院或者省、自治區、直轄市人民政府的農業、林業主管部門批準。

Wild seed resources are also subject to the special protection of the State and shall be prohibited from collection or felling. Where such collecting or cutting is required for scientific research or other special purposes, the matter shall be subject to approval by the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the State Council or under the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region or centrally-administered municipality.

第九條   國家有計劃地普查、收集、整理、鑒定、登記、保存、交流和利用種質資源，定期公布可供利用的種質資源目錄。具體辦法由國務院農業、林業主管部門規定。

Article 9 The State censuses, collects, sorts out, appraises, records, conserves, exchanges and uses seed resources in a planned way, and regularly releases the catalogue of available seed resources. The specific measures shall be formulated by the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council.

第十條   國務院農業、林業主管部門應當建立種質資源庫、種質資源保護區或者種質資源保護地。省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業、林業主管部門可以根據需要建立種質資源庫、種質資源保護區、種質資源保護地。種質資源庫、種質資源保護區、種質資源保護地的種質資源屬公共資源，依法開放利用。

Article 10 The administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the State Council shall establish germ plasm resources banks, conservation zones or germ plasm resources reserves. The administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities may, in light of their needs, establish germ plasm resources banks, conservation zones or germ plasm resources reserves. The germ plasm resources at the germ plasm resources banks, conservation zones or reserves, as the public resources, shall be opened and utilized according to law.

占用種質資源庫、種質資源保護區或者種質資源保護地的，需經原設立機關同意。

Where germ plasm resources banks, protection zones or germ plasm resources reserves are occupied, the consent from the authority that originally established them must be obtained.

第十一條   國家對種質資源享有主權，任何單位和個人向境外提供種質資源，或者與境外機構、個人開展合作研究利用種質資源的，應當向省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業、林業主管部門提出申請，並提交國家共享惠益的方案；受理申請的農業、林業主管部門經審核，報國務院農業、林業主管部門批準。

Article 11 The State has sovereignty over the germ plasm resources. Any entity or individual that provides germ plasm resources to foreign countries or conducts cooperation with foreign institutions or individuals in terms of the research and utilization of germ plasm resources shall file an application with the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region or centrally-administered municipality, and submit a plan on sharing benefits with the State. The administrative department for agriculture or for forestry that accepts the application shall, upon review, submit it to the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the State Council for approval.

從境外引進種質資源的，依照國務院農業、林業主管部門的有關規定辦理。

The introduction of germ plasm resources from abroad shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council.

第三章 品種選育、審定與登記

Chapter 3 Selection, Verification and Registration of Varieties

第十二條   國家支持科研院所及高等院校重點開展育種的基礎性、前沿性和應用技術研究，以及常規作物、主要造林樹種育種和無性繁殖材料選育等公益性研究。

Article 12 The State supports scientific research institutions, colleges and universities to focus on carrying out the basic and frontier research on applied technology for breeding, the breeding of conventional crop seeds or main afforestation tree seeds, the selection and breeding of asexual propagation materials and other non-profit research.

國家鼓勵種子企業充分利用公益性研究成果，培育具有自主知識產權的優良品種；鼓勵種子企業與科研院所及高等院校構建技術研發平臺，建立以市場為導向、資本為紐帶、利益共享、風險共擔的產學研相結合的種業技術創新體系。

The State encourages seed enterprises to make full use of the results from non-profit researches, cultivate fine varieties with proprietary intellectual property rights, encourage seed enterprises, research institutes and institutions of higher learning to build technology research and development platforms, and establish a market- oriented, capital-linked, benefit-sharing and risk-sharing technology innovation system for the seed industry with the integration of production, study and research.

國家加強種業科技創新能力建設，促進種業科技成果轉化，維護種業科技人員的合法權益。

The State strengthens the building of the scientific and technological innovation capacity of seed industry, promotes the commercialization of research findings of seed industry, and protects the legal rights and interests of scientific and technical personnel in seed industry.

第十三條   由財政資金支持形成的育種發明專利權和植物新品種權，除涉及國家安全、國家利益和重大社會公共利益的外，授權項目承擔者依法取得。

Article 13 The patent for invention of breeding and the right of new plant variety generated due to the support of financial funds shall be obtained by the undertaker of the authorized project in accordance with the law, except for those involving national security, national interests or major public interests.

由財政資金支持為主形成的育種成果的轉讓、許可等應當依法公開進行，禁止私自交易。

The transfer or licensing of the breeding achievements which are generated mainly due to the support of financial funds shall be publicly carried out according to law. Any transaction without permission is prohibited.

第十四條   單位和個人因林業主管部門為選育林木良種建立測定林、試驗林、優樹收集區、基因庫等而減少經濟收入的，批準建立的林業主管部門應當按照國家有關規定給予經濟補償。

Article 14 Where the earnings of entities or individuals are reduced because the administrative departments for forestry establish testing stands, experimental stands, fine tree collection areas or gene banks for selection of improved varieties of forest trees, the administrative departments for forestry that give the approval shall make economic compensation to the entities or individuals in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.

第十五條   國家對主要農作物和主要林木實行品種審定制度。主要農作物品種和主要林木品種在推廣前應當通過國家級或者省級審定。由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府林業主管部門確定的主要林木品種實行省級審定。

Article 15 The State adopts a verification system for main crop and forest tree varieties. Main crop and forest tree varieties shall be subject to verification at the national or provincial level prior to their popularization. Main forest tree varieties determined by the administrative departments for forestry under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and centrally-administered municipalities shall be subject to verification at the provincial level.

申請審定的品種應當符合特異性、一致性、穩定性要求。

Varieties under the application for verification shall comply with the requirements of specificity, consistency and stability.

主要農作物品種和主要林木品種的審定辦法由國務院農業、林業主管部門規定。審定辦法應當體現公正、公開、科學、效率的原則，有利於產量、品質、抗性等的提高與協調，有利於適應市場和生活消費需要的品種的推廣。在制定、修改審定辦法時，應當充分聽取育種者、種子使用者、生產經營者和相關行業代表意見。

The measures for verifying main crop and forest tree varieties shall be formulated by the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council. The verification measures shall embody the principles of fairness, openness, scientificalness and efficiency, and shall be conducive to improvement and coordination of production volume, quality, resistance, etc., and conducive to the popularization of the varieties which meet the market and living consumption needs. At the time of formulating and revising the verification measures, the opinions of the breeders, users of seeds, producers, traders in seeds and representatives of relevant industries shall be fully solicited.

第十六條   國務院和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府的農業、林業主管部門分別設立由專業人員組成的農作物品種和林木品種審定委員會。品種審定委員會承擔主要農作物品種和主要林木品種的審定工作，建立包括申請文件、品種審定試驗數據、種子樣品、審定意見和審定結論等內容的審定檔案，保證可追溯。在審定通過的品種依法公布的相關信息中應當包括審定意見情況，接受監督。

Article 16 The administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the State Council and those under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and centrally-administered municipalities shall respectively set up crop and forest tree varieties verification committees composed of professionals. The varieties examination and approval committee will undertake the examination and approval of main crop and forest tree varieties, establish the examination and approval files, including application documents, testing data of varieties examination and approval, seed samples, examination and approval opinions and examination and approval conclusions. Relevant examination and approval opinions shall be included in the information on varieties which have passed the examination and received the supervision.

品種審定實行回避制度。品種審定委員會委員、工作人員及相關測試、試驗人員應當忠於職守，公正廉潔。對單位和個人舉報或者監督檢查發現的上述人員的違法行為，省級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門和有關機關應當及時依法處理。

The challenge system shall be adopted in the verification of varieties. Members and staffs of variety examination and approval committee and related testing staffs shall be devoted to their duties, and shall be fair and honest. The competent agriculture and forestry departments of the people's governments at or above the provincial level and relevant authorities shall, in a timely manner, handle the illegal behaviors of the above personnel that are reported by entities and individuals or discovered through the supervision and inspection.

第十七條   實行選育生產經營相結合，符合國務院農業、林業主管部門規定條件的種子企業，對其自主研發的主要農作物品種、主要林木品種可以按照審定辦法自行完成試驗，達到審定標準的，品種審定委員會應當頒發審定證書。種子企業對試驗數據的真實性負責，保證可追溯，接受省級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門和社會的監督。

Article 17 For the main crop and forest tree varieties researched and developed independently by seed enterprises that integrate the selection, breeding, production and business operations of seeds and conform to conditions stipulated by the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council, they can, on their own, complete the experiments according to the examination and approval measures and those that reach the standards for examination and approval shall be issued by the varieties examination and approval committees. Seed enterprises shall be responsible for the authenticity and traceability of the test data, and accept the supervision by the competent agriculture and forestry departments of the people's governments at or above the provincial level and the society.

第十八條   審定未通過的農作物品種和林木品種，申請人有異議的，可以向原審定委員會或者國家級審定委員會申請複審。

Article 18 Where applicants have objections to the decision that their crop or forest tree varieties fail to pass the verification, they may apply for review to the original verification committee or to the national verification committee.

第十九條   通過國家級審定的農作物品種和林木良種由國務院農業、林業主管部門公告，可以在全國適宜的生態區域推廣。通過省級審定的農作物品種和林木良種由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業、林業主管部門公告，可以在本行政區域內適宜的生態區域推廣；其他省、自治區、直轄市屬於同一適宜生態區的地域引種農作物品種、林木良種的，引種者應當將引種的品種和區域報所在省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業、林業主管部門備案。

Article 19 The crop varieties and improved forest tree varieties that have passed the national examination and received the approval shall be announced to the public by the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council, and may be popularized in suitable ecological regions throughout the country. The information about crop varieties and improved forest tree varieties that have passed the provincial examination and received the approval shall be released by the administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and such varieties may be popularized in suitable ecological regions in their own administrative regions; where other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government that are located in the same suitable ecological region introduce the crop varieties and improved forest tree varieties, the introducer shall report the introduced varieties and regions to the administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the people's government of the province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government for the record.

引種本地區沒有自然分布的林木品種，應當按照國家引種標準通過試驗。

To introduce a forest tree variety that is not distributed naturally in the region, the forest tree variety shall pass the test according to the national introduction standard.

第二十條   省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業、林業主管部門應當完善品種選育、審定工作的區域協作機制，促進優良品種的選育和推廣。

Article 20 The competent agriculture and forestry departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall improve the regional coordination mechanism for variety selection, breeding, examination and approval to promote the selection, breeding and popularization of improved varieties.

第二十一條   審定通過的農作物品種和林木良種出現不可克服的嚴重缺陷等情形不宜繼續推廣、銷售的，經原審定委員會審核確認後，撤銷審定，由原公告部門發布公告，停止推廣、銷售。

Article 21 If the crop varieties and improved forest tree varieties that have passed the examination and received the approval should not be popularized or sold continuously because they have serious defects that cannot be overcome, the original examination and approval committee shall revoke the approval, and the original announcement department shall make a public announcement on stopping the popularization and sale.

第二十二條   國家對部分非主要農作物實行品種登記制度。列入非主要農作物登記目錄的品種在推廣前應當登記。

Article 22 The State adopts a registration system for some non- main crops. Varieties that are included in the registration catalogue of non- main crops shall be registered prior to their popularization.

實行品種登記的農作物範圍應當嚴格控制，並根據保護生物多樣性、保證消費安全和用種安全的原則確定。登記目錄由國務院農業主管部門制定和調整。

The scope of crops subject to variety registration shall be controlled strictly and determined in line with the principles of protecting biological diversity and ensuring consumption safety and seed use safety. The registration catalogue shall be formulated and adjusted by the competent agriculture department under the State Council.

申請者申請品種登記應當向省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業主管部門提交申請文件和種子樣品，並對其真實性負責，保證可追溯，接受監督檢查。申請文件包括品種的種類、名稱、來源、特性、育種過程以及特異性、一致性、穩定性測試報告等。

To apply for variety registration, applicants shall submit application documents and seed samples to the administrative departments for agriculture under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and centrally-administered municipalities, be responsible for the authenticity thereof, ensure the traceability and accept supervision and inspection. Application documents shall include the type, name, source, characteristics and breeding process of the variety in question as well as a test report on specificity, consistency and stability.

省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業主管部門自受理品種登記申請之日起二十個工作日內，對申請者提交的申請文件進行書面審查，符合要求的，報國務院農業主管部門予以登記公告。

The competent agriculture departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall conduct the written review on application documents submitted by applicants within 20 working days as of the date of accepting the applications for variety registration, and report the eligible documents to the competent agriculture department under the State Council for registration and announcement.

對已登記品種存在申請文件、種子樣品不實的，由國務院農業主管部門撤銷該品種登記，並將該申請者的違法信息記入社會誠信檔案，向社會公布；給種子使用者和其他種子生產經營者造成損失的，依法承擔賠償責任。

If there are false application documents or seed samples for the registered varieties, the administration department for agriculture under the State Council shall revoke the registration of such varieties, include the applicants' illegal information into social credit files, and make public such information; and if losses are caused to seed users or other seed producers and operators, compensation liability shall be assumed in accordance with the law.

對已登記品種出現不可克服的嚴重缺陷等情形的，由國務院農業主管部門撤銷登記，並發布公告，停止推廣。

Where a registered variety has any serious and insurmountable defects or falls under any other circumstances, the competent agriculture department under the State Council shall revoke the registration of such a variety, and release a notice on stopping the popularization thereof.

非主要農作物品種登記辦法由國務院農業主管部門規定。

The measures for registration of non- main crop varieties shall be formulated by the administrative department for agriculture under the State Council.

第二十三條   應當審定的農作物品種未經審定的，不得發布廣告、推廣、銷售。

Article 23 The crop varieties that are subject to verification but fail to be verified shall not be advertised, popularized or sold.

應當審定的林木品種未經審定通過的，不得作為良種推廣、銷售，但生產確需使用的，應當經林木品種審定委員會認定。

No forest tree varieties that are subject to verification but fail to pass the verification may be popularized or sold as improved varieties. However, where such varieties are really needed for production, they shall be subject to verification by the forest tree varieties verification committee.

應當登記的農作物品種未經登記的，不得發布廣告、推廣，不得以登記品種的名義銷售。

Without registration, the crop varieties which ought to be registered shall not be released by advertisements or popularized, nor be sold in the name of the registered varieties.

第二十四條   在中國境內沒有經常居所或者營業場所的境外機構、個人在境內申請品種審定或者登記的，應當委托具有法人資格的境內種子企業代理。

Article 24 Where foreign organizations or individuals that have no regular domiciles or business places in China apply for verification or registration of their varieties in China, they shall entrust Chinese seed enterprises with the status of legal persons to serve as their agents.

第四章 新品種保護

Chapter 4 Protection of New Varieties

第二十五條   國家實行植物新品種保護制度。對國家植物品種保護名錄內經過人工選育或者發現的野生植物加以改良，具備新穎性、特異性、一致性、穩定性和適當命名的植物品種，由國務院農業、林業主管部門授予植物新品種權，保護植物新品種權所有人的合法權益。植物新品種權的內容和歸屬、授予條件、申請和受理、審查與批準，以及期限、終止和無效等依照本法、有關法律和行政法規規定執行。

Article 25 The State implements the protection system for new plant varieties. The plant varieties listed in the national list of protected plant varieties that are improved from the artificial selection and breeding or discovered wild plants, possess the novelty, specificity, consistency and stability, and have been named properly shall be granted the title of new plant variety by the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council, and the lawful rights and interests of the owners of such plant varieties shall be protected. The content and ownership, granting conditions, application and acceptance, review, approval, duration, termination, invalidity and other matters relating to the right of new plant variety shall be governed by the Law, relevant laws and administrative regulations.

國家鼓勵和支持種業科技創新、植物新品種培育及成果轉化。取得植物新品種權的品種得到推廣應用的，育種者依法獲得相應的經濟利益。

The State encourages and supports the scientific and technological innovation, cultivation of new plant varieties and achievement transformation in the seed industry. Where the varieties that have been granted the title of new plant variety are popularized, the breeders are entitled to obtain corresponding economic benefits according to law.

第二十六條   一個植物新品種只能授予一項植物新品種權。兩個以上的申請人分別就同一個品種申請植物新品種權的，植物新品種權授予最先申請的人；同時申請的，植物新品種權授予最先完成該品種育種的人。

Article 26 One new plant variety shall be granted only one right of new plant variety. Where two or more applicants apply separately for the right of new plant variety for the same variety, the right shall be granted to the one who applies first; if the applications are submitted simultaneously, the right shall be granted to the one who first completes the breeding of the variety concerned.

對違反法律，危害社會公共利益、生態環境的植物新品種，不授予植物新品種權。

The new plant variety that violates laws or regulations, or harms public interests or the ecological environment shall not be granted the title of new plant variety.

第二十七條   授予植物新品種權的植物新品種名稱，應當與相同或者相近的植物屬或者種中已知品種的名稱相區別。該名稱經授權後即為該植物新品種的通用名稱。

Article 27 The name of the new plant variety which has been granted with the title of new plant variety shall be different from that of any known variety in the same or similar botanical genera or species. After the designation is granted, the designation shall be the common name of the new plant variety.

下列名稱不得用於授權品種的命名：

The following designations shall not be used in the denomination of protected varieties:

（一）僅以數字表示的；

1. they are expressed only in numbers;

（二）違反社會公德的；

2. those violating social morals;

（三）對植物新品種的特征、特性或者育種者身份等容易引起誤解的。

3. those that are liable to mislead as to the features or properties of the new variety of plant, or as to the identity of the breeder.

同一植物品種在申請新品種保護、品種審定、品種登記、推廣、銷售時只能使用同一個名稱。生產推廣、銷售的種子應當與申請植物新品種保護、品種審定、品種登記時提供的樣品相符。

The same plant variety can only use the same name in applying for the protection of new variety, variety examination and approval, variety registration, popularization and sales. The seeds that are produced, popularized and sold shall be in consistent with the samples provided in applying for the protection of new plant variety, variety examination and approval, and variety registration.

第二十八條   完成育種的單位或者個人對其授權品種，享有排他的獨占權。任何單位或者個人未經植物新品種權所有人許可，不得生產、繁殖或者銷售該授權品種的繁殖材料，不得為商業目的將該授權品種的繁殖材料重複使用於生產另一品種的繁殖材料；但是本法、有關法律、行政法規另有規定的除外。

Article 28 The entity which or the person who has accomplished the breeding has an exclusive right in their protected variety. No entity or individual may, without the consent of the owner of the title of new plant variety, produce, reproduce or sell the propagation materials of the protected variety in question, or repeatedly use the propagation materials of the protected variety in the production of the propagation materials of another variety for commercial purposes, unless otherwise provided for in this Law or relevant laws or administrative regulations.

第二十九條   在下列情況下使用授權品種的，可以不經植物新品種權所有人許可，不向其支付使用費，但不得侵犯植物新品種權所有人依照本法、有關法律、行政法規享有的其他權利：

Article 29 To use a title-granted variety in the following circumstances, an entity or individual is not required to obtain permission from or pay royalties to the owner of the title of new plant variety, but shall not infringe upon other rights enjoyed by the owner of the title of new plant variety in accordance with the Law, relevant laws and administrative regulations:

（一）利用授權品種進行育種及其他科研活動；

1. use of the protected variety for breeding and other scientific research activities;

（二）農民自繁自用授權品種的繁殖材料。

(II) propagating materials of authorized varieties bred and used by farmers themselves.

第三十條   為了國家利益或者社會公共利益，國務院農業、林業主管部門可以作出實施植物新品種權強制許可的決定，並予以登記和公告。

Article 30 For the sake of national interests or public interests, the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council may make the decision on granting a compulsory license for exploitation of new plant varieties, which shall be subsequently registered and announced.

取得實施強制許可的單位或者個人不享有獨占的實施權，並且無權允許他人實施。

Any entity or individual that is granted a compulsory license for exploitation shall not have an exclusive right to exploit and shall not have the right to authorize exploitation by any others.

第五章 種子生產經營

Chapter 5 Production of and Trading in Seeds

第三十一條   從事種子進出口業務的種子生產經營許可證，由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業、林業主管部門審核，國務院農業、林業主管部門核發。

Article 31 The seed production and operation license used for engaging in seed import and export business shall be reviewed by the competent agriculture and forestry departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and be approved and issued by the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council.

從事主要農作物雜交種子及其親本種子、林木良種種子的生產經營以及實行選育生產經營相結合，符合國務院農業、林業主管部門規定條件的種子企業的種子生產經營許可證，由生產經營者所在地縣級人民政府農業、林業主管部門審核，省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業、林業主管部門核發。

The seed production and trading license for a seed enterprise that engages in the production of and trading in major crop hybrid seeds and parent seeds or forest tree seeds of improved varieties, combines the seed selection and breeding with the production of and trading in seeds and meets the conditions specified by the administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the State Council shall be subject to examination by the administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry at the county level in the place where the producer or trader is located, and be issued by the administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region or centrally-administered municipality.

前兩款規定以外的其他種子的生產經營許可證，由生產經營者所在地縣級以上地方人民政府農業、林業主管部門核發。

The seed production and operation licenses for the seeds other than those stipulated by the preceding two paragraphs shall be issued by the competent agriculture and forestry departments of the people's governments at or above the county level at the places where the producers and operators are located.

只從事非主要農作物種子和非主要林木種子生產的，不需要辦理種子生產經營許可證。

The only engagement in the production of non- main crop seeds and non- main forest tree seeds requires no seed production and operation license.

第三十二條   申請取得種子生產經營許可證的，應當具有與種子生產經營相適應的生產經營設施、設備及專業技術人員，以及法規和國務院農業、林業主管部門規定的其他條件。

Article 32 To apply for the seed production and operation license, an entity or individual shall possess production and operation facilities, equipment and professionals that are suitable for seed production and operation, and meet other conditions stipulated by the laws and regulations and by the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council.

從事種子生產的，還應當同時具有繁殖種子的隔離和培育條件，具有無檢疫性有害生物的種子生產地點或者縣級以上人民政府林業主管部門確定的采種林。

For those who engage in seed production, there shall also be isolation and cultivation conditions for seed propagation, as well as seed production sites free of quarantine pests or nurse-crop stands designated as such by the administrative department for forestry under the people's government at or above the county level.

申請領取具有植物新品種權的種子生產經營許可證的，應當征得植物新品種權所有人的書面同意。

To apply for a seed production and operation license for a seed variety that has been granted with the title of new plant variety, the written consent of the owner of the title of new plant variety shall be obtained.

第三十三條   種子生產經營許可證應當載明生產經營者名稱、地址、法定代表人、生產種子的品種、地點和種子經營的範圍、有效期限、有效區域等事項。

Article 33 A seed production and trading license shall state the name and address of the producer or trader, the legal representative, the variety and location of the seeds produced, the scope, validity period and valid area, etc. for seed trading.

前款事項發生變更的，應當自變更之日起三十日內，向原核發許可證機關申請變更登記。

In case of any change in the above matters, an application for change registration shall be submitted to the original permit issuing authority within 30 days from the date of change.

除本法另有規定外，禁止任何單位和個人無種子生產經營許可證或者違反種子生產經營許可證的規定生產、經營種子。禁止偽造、變造、買賣、租借種子生產經營許可證。

Unless otherwise provided in the Law, it is prohibited for any entity or individual to produce or operate seeds without the seed production and operation license or in violation of the provisions stated in the seed production and operation license. Forging, altering, trading in and leasing of seed production and trading licenses are prohibited.

第三十四條   種子生產應當執行種子生產技術規程和種子檢驗、檢疫規程。

Article 34 Seeds shall be produced in compliance with technical regulations on seed production and the rules on seed inspection and quarantine.

第三十五條   在林木種子生產基地內采集種子的，由種子生產基地的經營者組織進行，采集種子應當按照國家有關標準進行。

Article 35 The collection of seeds at the production site shall be organized by the operator of the site, and shall be carried out in accordance with relevant national standards.

禁止搶采掠青、損壞母樹，禁止在劣質林內、劣質母樹上采集種子。

It is forbidden to pick immature seed, damage the parent trees, and to collect seeds from low quality forests or trees.

第三十六條   種子生產經營者應當建立和保存包括種子來源、產地、數量、質量、銷售去向、銷售日期和有關責任人員等內容的生產經營檔案，保證可追溯。種子生產經營檔案的具體載明事項，種子生產經營檔案及種子樣品的保存期限由國務院農業、林業主管部門規定。

Article 36 Seed producers and traders shall establish and keep the production and trading files indicating the seed source, origin, quantity, quality, sales destination, sales date, and responsible personnel to ensure the traceability. The detailed matters specified in the seed production and operation file and the storage life of the production and operation file and seed samples shall be provided by the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council.

第三十七條   農民個人自繁自用的常規種子有剩餘的，可以在當地集貿市場上出售、串換，不需要辦理種子生產經營許可證。

Article 37 The remainder of conventional seeds propagated by peasants themselves for their own use may be sold and exchanged at local rural fairs without seed production and operation licenses.

第三十八條   種子生產經營許可證的有效區域由發證機關在其管轄範圍內確定。種子生產經營者在種子生產經營許可證載明的有效區域設立分支機構的，專門經營不再分裝的包裝種子的，或者受具有種子生產經營許可證的種子生產經營者以書面委托生產、代銷其種子的，不需要辦理種子生產經營許可證，但應當向當地農業、林業主管部門備案。

Article 38 The effective areas covered by a seed production and trading license shall be determined by the authority that issues the license within its jurisdiction. Where a seed producer or trader establishes any branch within the effective area specified in the seed production and trading license, or trades specially in packed seeds that are not to be divided into smaller packages, or produces/sells seeds on the basis of written commission as the agent of a seed producer/trader that has the seed production and trading license, the seed producer or trader is not required to obtain a seed production and trading license, but shall file with the local administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry for the record.

實行選育生產經營相結合，符合國務院農業、林業主管部門規定條件的種子企業的生產經營許可證的有效區域為全國。

The valid area of the seed production and operation license issued to a seed enterprise that integrates the selection, breeding, production and operation, and meets conditions stipulated by the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council is the whole country.

第三十九條   未經省、自治區、直轄市人民政府林業主管部門批準，不得收購珍貴樹木種子和本級人民政府規定限制收購的林木種子。

Article 39 Without the approval of the administrative departments for forestry under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities, no seeds of rare trees or forest tree seeds the purchase of which is restricted in accordance with the regulations of the people's government at the same level may be purchased.

第四十條   銷售的種子應當加工、分級、包裝。但是不能加工、包裝的除外。

Article 40 The seeds to be sold should be processed, classified and packed. However, exception applies to those that cannot be processed or packed.

大包裝或者進口種子可以分裝；實行分裝的，應當標注分裝單位，並對種子質量負責。

Seeds in large package or imported may be divided and repacked; in such cases, the repackaging entities shall be clearly stated and they shall be responsible for the quality of such seeds.

第四十一條   銷售的種子應當符合國家或者行業標準，附有標簽和使用說明。標簽和使用說明標注的內容應當與銷售的種子相符。種子生產經營者對標注內容的真實性和種子質量負責。

Article 41 The seeds to be sold shall meet the national or industrial standards and bear labels and instructions. The contents of labels and instructions shall be consistent with the seeds to be sold. Seed producers and operators shall be responsible for the authenticity of labels' contents and the seed quality.

標簽應當標注種子類別、品種名稱、品種審定或者登記編號、品種適宜種植區域及季節、生產經營者及注冊地、質量指標、檢疫證明編號、種子生產經營許可證編號和信息代碼，以及國務院農業、林業主管部門規定的其他事項。

Such label shall indicate the seed family, variety name, serial number of variety examination and approval or registration, suitable planting areas and seasons for the variety, producer/trader and registered place, quality index, serial number of quarantine certificate, serial number of the seed production and operation license and information code, as well as other matters stipulated by the competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council.

銷售授權品種種子的，應當標注品種權號。

For the sale of authorized varieties of seeds, the number of variety rights shall be indicated.

銷售進口種子的，應當附有進口審批文號和中文標簽。

For the sale of imported seeds, the serial number of import approval and a label in Chinese are required.

銷售轉基因植物品種種子的，必須用明顯的文字標注，並應當提示使用時的安全控制措施。

To sell gene-transfer plant seeds, it must be showed with obvious written language and the safety control methods must also be provided.

種子生產經營者應當遵守有關法律、法規的規定，誠實守信，向種子使用者提供種子生產者信息、種子的主要性狀、主要栽培措施、適應性等使用條件的說明、風險提示與有關諮詢服務，不得作虛假或者引人誤解的宣傳。

Seed producers and traders shall observe the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, be honest and trustworthy, provide seed users with the explanation on the information of seed producers, main characteristics of seeds, main cultivation measures, adaptation and other use conditions, risk warning and relevant consulting services, and may not make false or misleading publicity.

任何單位和個人不得非法幹預種子生產經營者的生產經營自主權。

No entity or individual may illegally interfere in the right of seed producers or traders to carry out independent production or trading.

第四十二條   種子廣告的內容應當符合本法和有關廣告的法律、法規的規定，主要性狀描述等應當與審定、登記公告一致。

Article 42 The contents of seed advertisements shall be conform to the provisions of this Law and laws, rules and regulations on advertisements, and the descriptions of the main properties shall be in conformity with those in the announcement on verification or registration.

第四十三條   運輸或者郵寄種子應當依照有關法律、行政法規的規定進行檢疫。

Article 43 The seeds transported or posted shall be quarantined in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第四十四條   種子使用者有權按照自己的意願購買種子，任何單位和個人不得非法幹預。

Article 44 Seed users shall have the right to purchase the seeds of their own free will. No entities or individuals may illegally interfere in such purchases.

第四十五條   國家對推廣使用林木良種造林給予扶持。國家投資或者國家投資為主的造林項目和國有林業單位造林，應當根據林業主管部門制定的計劃使用林木良種。

Article 45 The State supports afforestation that promotes the use of improved forest tree varieties. For the afforestation projects invested by the State or invested mainly by the State and for afforestation by State-owned forestry units, improved forest tree varieties shall be used in accordance with the plans worked out by the competent forestry departments.

第四十六條   種子使用者因種子質量問題或者因種子的標簽和使用說明標注的內容不真實，遭受損失的，種子使用者可以向出售種子的經營者要求賠償，也可以向種子生產者或者其他經營者要求賠償。賠償額包括購種價款、可得利益損失和其他損失。屬於種子生產者或者其他經營者責任的，出售種子的經營者賠償後，有權向種子生產者或者其他經營者追償；屬於出售種子的經營者責任的，種子生產者或者其他經營者賠償後，有權向出售種子的經營者追償。

Article 46 Where a seed user suffers losses due to seed quality problems, or inauthentic information on seed label and instructions, the seed user may claim compensation from the trader who has sold the seeds, or claim compensation from the seed producer or any of the other traders. The compensation amount includes the purchase price, the anticipated lost profit and other losses. Where the liability rests on the seed producer or any of the other traders, the trader who has sold the seeds shall have the right to recover the paid compensation from the producer or trader. Where the liability rests on the trader who has sold the seeds, the seed producer or any of the other traders who have paid the compensation shall have the right to recover the paid compensation from the trader who has sold the seeds.

第六章 種子監督管理

Chapter 6 Supervision and Administration on Seeds

第四十七條   農業、林業主管部門應當加強對種子質量的監督檢查。種子質量管理辦法、行業標準和檢驗方法，由國務院農業、林業主管部門制定。

Article 47 The competent agriculture and forestry departments shall strengthen the supervision and inspection on the seed quality. The competent agriculture and forestry departments under the State Council shall formulate the administrative measures for seed quality, industrial standards and inspection methods.

農業、林業主管部門可以采用國家規定的快速檢測方法對生產經營的種子品種進行檢測，檢測結果可以作為行政處罰依據。被檢查人對檢測結果有異議的，可以申請複檢，複檢不得采用同一檢測方法。因檢測結果錯誤給當事人造成損失的，依法承擔賠償責任。

The competent agriculture and forestry departments may detect the seed varieties produced and operated by adopting the rapid detection method stipulated by the State, and the detection result may be used as the basis of administrative penalty. If the person under inspection disagrees with the inspection result, he may apply for re-inspection, and the same inspection method shall not be adopted for re-inspection. If losses are caused to the party concerned due to the wrong detection results, liability for compensation shall be assumed in accordance with the law.

第四十八條   農業、林業主管部門可以委托種子質量檢驗機構對種子質量進行檢驗。

Article 48 The administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry may entrust seed quality inspection authorities with the inspection of seed quality.

承擔種子質量檢驗的機構應當具備相應的檢測條件、能力，並經省級以上人民政府有關主管部門考核合格。

The authorities for inspection of seed quality shall have the necessary testing facilities and capabilities, and shall be regarded as qualified for the job through assessment by the competent departments under the people's government at or above the provincial level.

種子質量檢驗機構應當配備種子檢驗員。種子檢驗員應當具有中專以上有關專業學曆，具備相應的種子檢驗技術能力和水平。

Seed quality examination inspection authorities shall be manned with inspectors. Seed inspectors shall have the educational background of the relevant technical secondary school or higher, and have the relevant seed inspection capacity and level.

第四十九條   禁止生產經營假、劣種子。農業、林業主管部門和有關部門依法打擊生產經營假、劣種子的違法行為，保護農民合法權益，維護公平競爭的市場秩序。

Article 49 Production of and trading in false and inferior seeds are prohibited. The competent agriculture and forestry departments and relevant departments shall strike the illegal behaviors of producing and operating false or low-quality seeds in accordance with the law, protect the legitimate rights and interests of farmers and maintain the market order with fair competition.

下列種子為假種子：

The following are false seeds:

（一）以非種子冒充種子或者以此種品種種子冒充其他品種種子的；

1. Use non-seeds to imitate seeds, or use one kind of seed to imitate another kind of seed; and

（二）種子種類、品種與標簽標注的內容不符或者沒有標簽的。

(II) varieties and types of seeds are not consistent with the contents of labels or no labels are available.

下列種子為劣種子：

The following are inferior seeds:

（一）質量低於國家規定標準的；

1. the quality is lower than the standards prescribed by the State;

（二）質量低於標簽標注指標的；

2. The quality failing to meet the indicators as labeled;

（三）帶有國家規定的檢疫性有害生物的。

(III) containers carrying quarantine pests specified by the State.

第五十條   農業、林業主管部門是種子行政執法機關。種子執法人員依法執行公務時應當出示行政執法證件。農業、林業主管部門依法履行種子監督檢查職責時，有權采取下列措施：

Article 50 The competent agriculture and forestry departments are the law enforcement authorities. When seed law enforcers perform their official duties in accordance with law, they shall show their administrative law enforcement certificates. When performing duties of seed supervision and inspection according to the law, the competent agriculture and forestry departments have the right to take measures as follows:

（一）進入生產經營場所進行現場檢查；

1. Entering production and business operation sites for on-site inspection;

（二）對種子進行取樣測試、試驗或者檢驗；

2. carry out sampling test, trial or examination of seeds;

（三）查閱、複制有關合同、票據、賬簿、生產經營檔案及其他有關資料；

(III) consulting and copying relevant contracts, notes, account books, production and operation files and other relevant materials; and

（四）查封、扣押有證據證明違法生產經營的種子，以及用於違法生產經營的工具、設備及運輸工具等；

(IV) seal up and detain seeds that have been proved to be produced and operated illegally, as well as tools, equipment, means of transportation and so on used for the illegal production and operation; and

（五）查封違法從事種子生產經營活動的場所。

(V) seal up places used for illegal seed production and operation activities.

農業、林業主管部門依照本法規定行使職權，當事人應當協助、配合，不得拒絕、阻撓。

When the administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry exercise their functions and powers in accordance with this Law, the parties concerned shall give assistance and cooperation, and shall not refuse to do so or create obstacles.

農業、林業主管部門所屬的綜合執法機構或者受其委托的種子管理機構，可以開展種子執法相關工作。

The comprehensive law enforcement organs under the competent agriculture and forestry departments, or the seed management organs entrusted thereby, may carry out the work related to seed law enforcement.

第五十一條   種子生產經營者依法自願成立種子行業協會，加強行業自律管理，維護成員合法權益，為成員和行業發展提供信息交流、技術培訓、信用建設、市場營銷和諮詢等服務。

Article 51 Seed producers and operators may voluntarily establish seed industry associations in accordance with the law to strengthen the industry self-discipline management, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of their members and provide information exchange, technical training, credit building, marketing, consulting and other services for members and industry development.

第五十二條   種子生產經營者可自願向具有資質的認證機構申請種子質量認證。經認證合格的，可以在包裝上使用認證標識。

Article 52 Seed producers and traders may voluntarily apply to qualified certification authorities for seed quality certification. The qualified ones may use the certification marks on packages.

第五十三條   由於不可抗力原因，為生產需要必須使用低於國家或者地方規定標準的農作物種子的，應當經用種地縣級以上地方人民政府批準；林木種子應當經用種地省、自治區、直轄市人民政府批準。

Article 53 Where, due to force majeure, it is necessary to use the crop seeds that are lower than the standards of the State or local authorities, the matter shall be subject to approval by the local people's government at or above the county level where the seeds are to be used; where forest tree seeds are concerned, the matter shall be subject to approval by the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government where the seeds are to be used.

第五十四條   從事品種選育和種子生產經營以及管理的單位和個人應當遵守有關植物檢疫法律、行政法規的規定，防止植物危險性病、蟲、雜草及其他有害生物的傳播和蔓延。

Article 54 Units or individuals engaged in variety selection, in seed production or trade, or in seed management shall observe the provisions of the laws, rules and regulations on plant quarantine in order to prevent dangerous plant diseases, insect pests and weeds and other harmful organisms from spreading.

禁止任何單位和個人在種子生產基地從事檢疫性有害生物接種試驗。

No entity or individual may conduct inoculation experiments on quarantine pests in seed production bases.

第五十五條   省級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門應當在統一的政府信息發布平臺上發布品種審定、品種登記、新品種保護、種子生產經營許可、監督管理等信息。

Article 55 The competent agriculture and forestry departments of the people's governments at or above the provincial level shall publish the information about variety verification, variety registration, protection of new variety, seed production and operation license, supervision and management on the uniform government information platform.

國務院農業、林業主管部門建立植物品種標準樣品庫，為種子監督管理提供依據。

The administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the State Council shall establish a bank of standard samples for plant varieties so as to provide the basis for seed supervision and administration.

第五十六條   農業、林業主管部門及其工作人員，不得參與和從事種子生產經營活動。

Article 56 The competent agriculture and forestry departments as well as the staff thereof shall not participate or engage in the seed production and operation activities.

第七章 種子進出口和對外合作

Chapter 7 Import, Export and Foreign Cooperation for Seed

第五十七條   進口種子和出口種子必須實施檢疫，防止植物危險性病、蟲、雜草及其他有害生物傳入境內和傳出境外，具體檢疫工作按照有關植物進出境檢疫法律、行政法規的規定執行。

Article 57 Any seeds imported or exported shall be subject to inspection and quarantine for the purpose of preventing dangerous plant diseases, insect pests and weeds from spreading into or out of the country, and inspection and quarantine shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the laws, rules and regulations on entry or exit plant inspection and quarantine.

第五十八條   從事種子進出口業務的，除具備種子生產經營許可證外，還應當依照國家有關規定取得種子進出口許可。

Article 58 For engagement in seed import and export business, the seed import and export license shall be obtained in accordance with relevant national provisions, in addition to the seed production and operation license.

從境外引進農作物、林木種子的審定權限，農作物、林木種子的進口審批辦法，引進轉基因植物品種的管理辦法，由國務院規定。

The State Council shall fix the limits of authority for examining and approving the introduction of the seeds of crops and forest trees from abroad, and formulate measures for examination and approval of the import of such seeds and administrative measures for the introduction of transgenic plant varieties.

第五十九條   進口種子的質量，應當達到國家標準或者行業標準。沒有國家標準或者行業標準的，可以按照合同約定的標準執行。

Article 59 The quality of the seeds imported shall reach the standards of the State or of the industry. Where there are no such standards to go by, the standards agreed upon in a contract may be applied.

第六十條   為境外制種進口種子的，可以不受本法第五十八條第一款的限制，但應當具有對外制種合同，進口的種子只能用於制種，其產品不得在境內銷售。

Article 60 Where seeds are imported for producing hybrid seeds for other countries, such imports may be exempt from the restriction laid down in the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 58 of this Law, provided that a contract is signed for the production of hybrid seeds for foreign countries, the imported seeds are only to be used for the production of hybrid seeds, and the products are not to be sold in the country.

從境外引進農作物或者林木試驗用種，應當隔離栽培，收獲物也不得作為種子銷售。

The crop seeds or forest tree seeds introduced from abroad for experiment shall be planted in isolation, and no cuttings therefrom may be sold as seeds.

第六十一條   禁止進出口假、劣種子以及屬於國家規定不得進出口的種子。

Article 61 The import and export of false and inferior seeds and of the seeds the import and export of which are prohibited by State regulations are prohibited.

第六十二條   國家建立種業國家安全審查機制。境外機構、個人投資、並購境內種子企業，或者與境內科研院所、種子企業開展技術合作，從事品種研發、種子生產經營的審批管理依照有關法律、行政法規的規定執行。

Article 62 The State shall establish a national security review mechanism for seed industry. Where a foreign institution or individual invests in or acquires a domestic seed enterprise, or conducts technical cooperation with a domestic scientific research institute or seed enterprise, the engagement in variety research and development or seed production and operation shall be examined and approved in accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第八章 扶持措施

Chapter 8 Supporting Measures

第六十三條   國家加大對種業發展的支持。對品種選育、生產、示範推廣、種質資源保護、種子儲備以及制種大縣給予扶持。

Article 63 The State increases support for the development of the seed industry. Support will be given to large counties involved in seed selection, breeding, production, demonstration, popularization, protection of germ plasm resources and seed reserves.

國家鼓勵推廣使用高效、安全制種采種技術和先進適用的制種采種機械，將先進適用的制種采種機械納入農機具購置補貼範圍。

The State encourages and promotes the use of efficient and safe techniques of seed production and collection, and advanced and applicable machines for seed production and collection, and includes the advanced and applicable machines for seed production and collection into the scope of subsidies for agricultural implements purchase.

國家積極引導社會資金投資種業。

The State actively guides the investment of social funds in the seed industry.

第六十四條   國家加強種業公益性基礎設施建設。

Article 64 The State strengthens the construction of infrastructure for the public welfare in the seed industry.

對優勢種子繁育基地內的耕地，劃入基本農田保護區，實行永久保護。優勢種子繁育基地由國務院農業主管部門商所在省、自治區、直轄市人民政府確定。

The arable land in the advantageous seed breeding bases shall be protected permanently as the basic farmland protection zones. The advantageous seed breeding bases shall be determined by the administrative departments for agriculture under the State Council after consultation with the local people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and centrally-administered municipalities.

第六十五條   對從事農作物和林木品種選育、生產的種子企業，按照國家有關規定給予扶持。

Article 65 Support will be given to seed enterprises engaging in selection, breeding and production of crop varieties and forest tree varieties according to the relevant national provisions.

第六十六條   國家鼓勵和引導金融機構為種子生產經營和收儲提供信貸支持。

Article 66 The State encourages and guides financial institutions to provide credit support to seed production and operation, collection and storage.

第六十七條   國家支持保險機構開展種子生產保險。省級以上人民政府可以采取保險費補貼等措施，支持發展種業生產保險。

Article 67 The State supports insurance institutions to provide seed production insurance. The people's governments at or above the provincial level may take measures such as insurance premium subsidies to support and develop the production insurance in seed industry.

第六十八條   國家鼓勵科研院所及高等院校與種子企業開展育種科技人員交流，支持本單位的科技人員到種子企業從事育種成果轉化活動；鼓勵育種科研人才創新創業。

Article 68 The State encourages scientific research institutes and institutions of higher learning to carry out the exchange of breeding talents with seed enterprises and support their scientific and technical personnel to engage in the commercialization of breeding achievements in seed enterprises. Scientific research talents in seed breeding are encouraged to make innovation and start business.

第六十九條   國務院農業、林業主管部門和異地繁育種子所在地的省、自治區、直轄市人民政府應當加強對異地繁育種子工作的管理和協調，交通運輸部門應當優先保證種子的運輸。

Article 69 The administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and centrally-administered municipalities where seeds are propagated in different soil shall improve management and coordination in this regard, and the transportation departments shall give priority to the transport of such seeds.

第九章 法律責任

Chapter 9 Legal Liabilities

第七十條   農業、林業主管部門不依法作出行政許可決定，發現違法行為或者接到對違法行為的舉報不予查處，或者有其他未依照本法規定履行職責的行為的，由本級人民政府或者上級人民政府有關部門責令改正，對負有責任的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予處分。

Article 70 If the administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry fail to make administrative licensing decisions in accordance with the law, fail to investigate and punish illegal activities found or reported, or fail to perform other duties in accordance with this Law, the people's governments at the same level or the relevant departments of the people's governments at a higher level shall order them to make corrections, and impose penalties on the persons directly in charge and other persons directly liable in accordance with the law.

違反本法第五十六條規定，農業、林業主管部門工作人員從事種子生產經營活動的，依法給予處分。

The staff of the competent agriculture and forestry departments shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law if they violate Article 56 of the Law and engage in the seed production and operation activities.

第七十一條   違反本法第十六條規定，品種審定委員會委員和工作人員不依法履行職責，弄虛作假、徇私舞弊的，依法給予處分；自處分決定作出之日起五年內不得從事品種審定工作。

Article 71 Members and staff of the varieties examination and approval committee shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law if they, in violation of Article 16 of the Law, fail to perform their duties according to the law, practice fraud and practice favoritism for personal gains; and they shall not work on variety examination and approval within five years as of the date on which the decision on sanctions is made.

第七十二條   品種測試、試驗和種子質量檢驗機構偽造測試、試驗、檢驗數據或者出具虛假證明的，由縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門責令改正，對單位處五萬元以上十萬元以下罰款，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員處一萬元以上五萬元以下罰款；有違法所得的，並處沒收違法所得；給種子使用者和其他種子生產經營者造成損失的，與種子生產經營者承擔連帶責任；情節嚴重的，由省級以上人民政府有關主管部門取消種子質量檢驗資格。

Article 72 If an institution engaged in variety testing, experimenting or seed quality inspection forges test, experiment or inspection data or issues false certificates, the competent agriculture or forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, impose a fine of not less than CNY50,000 but not more than CNY100 ,000 on the institution, and a fine of not less than CNY10,000 but not more than CNY50,000 on the person directly in charge and other persons directly liable; the illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated; if losses are caused to seed users or other seed producers or traders, joint liability shall be assumed with the seed producer or trader; if the circumstances are serious, the qualifications for seed quality inspection will be cancelled by the competent department of the people's government at or above the provincial level.

第七十三條   違反本法第二十八條規定，有侵犯植物新品種權行為的，由當事人協商解決，不願協商或者協商不成的，植物新品種權所有人或者利害關系人可以請求縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門進行處理，也可以直接向人民法院提起訴訟。

Article 73 If anyone, in violation of Article 28 of this Law, commits an act infringing upon the title of new plant variety, the matter shall be settled through negotiations by the parties concerned; if the parties are unwilling to negotiate or unable to reach an agreement through negotiations, the owner of the title of new plant variety or any interested party may request the competent agriculture or forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level to handle the matter, or may directly file a suit with the people's court.

縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門，根據當事人自願的原則，對侵犯植物新品種權所造成的損害賠償可以進行調解。調解達成協議的，當事人應當履行；當事人不履行協議或者調解未達成協議的，植物新品種權所有人或者利害關系人可以依法向人民法院提起訴訟。

The competent agriculture or forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level may conduct conciliation on compensation for damages caused by the infringement of the right of new plant variety on the principle of voluntariness of the parties concerned. Where an agreement is reached through mediation, the parties concerned shall perform the agreement; where the parties concerned fail to perform the agreement or no agreement is reached through mediation, the owner of the title of new plant variety or the interested parties may file a lawsuit with a people's court in accordance with the law.

侵犯植物新品種權的賠償數額按照權利人因被侵權所受到的實際損失確定；實際損失難以確定的，可以按照侵權人因侵權所獲得的利益確定。權利人的損失或者侵權人獲得的利益難以確定的，可以參照該植物新品種權許可使用費的倍數合理確定。賠償數額應當包括權利人為制止侵權行為所支付的合理開支。侵犯植物新品種權，情節嚴重的，可以在按照上述方法確定數額的一倍以上三倍以下確定賠償數額。

The compensation amount for the infringement of the right of new plant variety shall be determined according to the actual losses suffered by the right holder due to the infringement; if the actual losses are difficult to be determined, the compensation amount shall be determined according to the benefits gained by the infringer from the infringement. If it is difficult to determine the losses of the right holder or benefits obtained by the infringer, the compensation amount may be reasonably determined according to the relevant multiple of the royalty of the right of new plant variety. The compensation amount shall include the reasonable expenses incurred by the rights holder to stop the infringement act. If the title of new plant variety is seriously infringed upon, the amount of compensation shall be one to three times the amount of compensation determined according to the above-mentioned method.

權利人的損失、侵權人獲得的利益和植物新品種權許可使用費均難以確定的，人民法院可以根據植物新品種權的類型、侵權行為的性質和情節等因素，確定給予三百萬元以下的賠償。

Where the right holder's losses, infringer's benefits, and the royalty for the title of new plant variety are all difficult to be determined, the people's court may determine the compensation of less than 3 million yuan in accordance with the type of the title of new plant variety, nature and circumstances of the infringing act, and other factors.

縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門處理侵犯植物新品種權案件時，為了維護社會公共利益，責令侵權人停止侵權行為，沒收違法所得和種子；貨值金額不足五萬元的，並處一萬元以上二十五萬元以下罰款；貨值金額五萬元以上的，並處貨值金額五倍以上十倍以下罰款。

When settling a case regarding infringement upon the rights to new plant varieties, the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the people's government at or above the county level shall order the infringer to stop the infringing act and confiscate the illegal gains and the seeds involved to safeguard public interests; if the value of seeds involved is less than 50,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 250,000 yuan will be imposed; if such value is more than 50,000 yuan, a fine of five times to ten times the value of seeds involved will be imposed.

假冒授權品種的，由縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門責令停止假冒行為，沒收違法所得和種子；貨值金額不足五萬元的，並處一萬元以上二十五萬元以下罰款；貨值金額五萬元以上的，並處貨值金額五倍以上十倍以下罰款。

If any entity or individual counterfeits the authorized varieties, the competent agriculture or forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order the entity or individual to stop the counterfeiting act, and confiscate the illegal gains and seeds; if the value of seeds is less than 50,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 250,000 yuan will be imposed; if the value of seeds is more than 50,000 yuan, a fine of five times to ten times the value of seeds will be imposed.

第七十四條   當事人就植物新品種的申請權和植物新品種權的權屬發生爭議的，可以向人民法院提起訴訟。

Article 74 Where disputes arise as to the right to apply for a new variety of plant and the ownership of the right of new variety of plant, the parties concerned may file a suit with the People's Court.

第七十五條   違反本法第四十九條規定，生產經營假種子的，由縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門責令停止生產經營，沒收違法所得和種子，吊銷種子生產經營許可證；違法生產經營的貨值金額不足一萬元的，並處一萬元以上十萬元以下罰款；貨值金額一萬元以上的，並處貨值金額十倍以上二十倍以下罰款。

Article 75 If anyone, in violation of Article 49 of this Law, produces or trades false seeds, the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the people's government at or above the county level shall order him/her to cease the production or trading, confiscate the illegal gains and the seeds involved, and the seed production and trading license will be revoked. If the value of seeds illegally produced or traded is less than 10,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan will be imposed; if such value is more than 10,000 yuan, a fine of 10 times to 20 times the value of seeds involved will be imposed.

因生產經營假種子犯罪被判處有期徒刑以上刑罰的，種子企業或者其他單位的法定代表人、直接負責的主管人員自刑罰執行完畢之日起五年內不得擔任種子企業的法定代表人、高級管理人員。

If the legal representative or the person directly in charge of a seed enterprise or any other relevant entity is sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment or above penalty for production or trading of false seeds, he/she will not be allowed to hold the position of legal representative or senior manager in any seed enterprise within five years from the date when the penalty is served.

第七十六條   違反本法第四十九條規定，生產經營劣種子的，由縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門責令停止生產經營，沒收違法所得和種子；違法生產經營的貨值金額不足一萬元的，並處五千元以上五萬元以下罰款；貨值金額一萬元以上的，並處貨值金額五倍以上十倍以下罰款；情節嚴重的，吊銷種子生產經營許可證。

Article 76 If anyone, in violation of Article 49 of this Law, produces or trades low-quality seeds, the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the people's government at or above the county level shall order him/her to cease the production or trading, confiscate the illegal gains and the seeds involved. If the value of seeds illegally produced or traded is less than 10,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan will be imposed; if such value is more than 10,000 yuan, a fine of five times to ten times the value of seeds involved will be imposed; in serious cases, the seed production and trading license will be revoked.

因生產經營劣種子犯罪被判處有期徒刑以上刑罰的，種子企業或者其他單位的法定代表人、直接負責的主管人員自刑罰執行完畢之日起五年內不得擔任種子企業的法定代表人、高級管理人員。

If the legal representative or any directly responsible person in charge of a seed enterprise or any other relevant entity is sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment or above penalty for production or trading of low-quality seeds, he/she will not be allowed to hold the position of legal representative or senior manager in any seed enterprise within five years from the date when the penalty is served.

第七十七條   違反本法第三十二條、第三十三條規定，有下列行為之一的，由縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門責令改正，沒收違法所得和種子；違法生產經營的貨值金額不足一萬元的，並處三千元以上三萬元以下罰款；貨值金額一萬元以上的，並處貨值金額三倍以上五倍以下罰款；可以吊銷種子生產經營許可證：

Article 77 If anyone, in violation of Article 32 or Article 33 of this Law, commits any of the following acts, the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the people's government at or above the county level shall order him/her to make corrections and confiscate the illegal gains and the seeds involved. If the value of seeds illegally produced or traded is less than 10,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 3,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan will be imposed; if such value is more than 10,000 yuan, a fine of three times to five times the value of seeds involved will be imposed; the seed production and trading license may be revoked:

（一）未取得種子生產經營許可證生產經營種子的；

1. produce or operate seeds without seed production and operation license;

（二）以欺騙、賄賂等不正當手段取得種子生產經營許可證的；

(II) obtain the seed production and operation license through improper means such as cheating and bribery;

（三）未按照種子生產經營許可證的規定生產經營種子的；

(III) Cannot produce or operate seeds according to the stipulations of the seed-production and operation license.

（四）偽造、變造、買賣、租借種子生產經營許可證的。

(IV) Forging, altering, trading in or leasing seed production and operation licenses.

被吊銷種子生產經營許可證的單位，其法定代表人、直接負責的主管人員自處罰決定作出之日起五年內不得擔任種子企業的法定代表人、高級管理人員。

If the seed production and operation license of an entity is revoked, the legal representative or the person directly in charge of the entity will not be allowed to hold the position of legal representative or senior manager in any seed enterprise within five years from the date when the decision on punishment is made.

第七十八條   違反本法第二十一條、第二十二條、第二十三條規定，有下列行為之一的，由縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門責令停止違法行為，沒收違法所得和種子，並處二萬元以上二十萬元以下罰款：

Article 78 If anyone, in violation of Article 21, Article 22 or Article 23 of this Law, commits any of the following acts, the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the people's government at or above the county level shall order him/her to cease the illegal act, confiscate the illegal gains and the seeds involved, and shall impose a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan:

（一）對應當審定未經審定的農作物品種進行推廣、銷售的；

1. generalize or sell crop varieties that should have been examined and approved;

（二）作為良種推廣、銷售應當審定未經審定的林木品種的；

2. generalize or sell forest tree varieties which should have been examined and approved as the improved varieties;

（三）推廣、銷售應當停止推廣、銷售的農作物品種或者林木良種的；

3. generalize or sell crop varieties or improved forest tree varieties whose popularization or sales should have been stopped;

（四）對應當登記未經登記的農作物品種進行推廣，或者以登記品種的名義進行銷售的；

(IV) generalize the crop varieties which should have been registered, or sell the crop varieties in the name of registered varieties; or

（五）對已撤銷登記的農作物品種進行推廣，或者以登記品種的名義進行銷售的。

(V) generalize the crop varieties which have been deregistered, or sell the crop varieties in the name of registered varieties.

違反本法第二十三條、第四十二條規定，對應當審定未經審定或者應當登記未經登記的農作物品種發布廣告，或者廣告中有關品種的主要性狀描述的內容與審定、登記公告不一致的，依照《中華人民共和國廣告法》的有關規定追究法律責任。

Where, in violation of Article 23 and Article 42 of the Law, any advertisement on crop varieties which should have been examined and approved or registered is released, or the content of main characters of relevant varieties described in the advertisement is not consistent with that in the announcement on examination and approval and registration, relevant legal liabilities shall be investigated in accordance with the Advertising Law of the People's Republic of China.

第七十九條   違反本法第五十八條、第六十條、第六十一條規定，有下列行為之一的，由縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門責令改正，沒收違法所得和種子；違法生產經營的貨值金額不足一萬元的，並處三千元以上三萬元以下罰款；貨值金額一萬元以上的，並處貨值金額三倍以上五倍以下罰款；情節嚴重的，吊銷種子生產經營許可證：

Article 79 If anyone, in violation of Article 58, Article 60 or Article 61 of this Law, commits any of the following acts, the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the people's government at or above the county level shall order him/her to make corrections and confiscate the illegal gains and the seeds involved. If the value of seeds illegally produced or traded is less than 10,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 3,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan will be imposed; if such value is more than 10,000 yuan, a fine of three times to five times the value of seeds involved will be imposed; in case of a serious violation, the seed production and trading license will be revoked:

（一）未經許可進出口種子的；

1. import or export seeds without permission;

（二）為境外制種的種子在境內銷售的；

2. The seeds produced for foreign countries are sold within the territory of PRC;

（三）從境外引進農作物或者林木種子進行引種試驗的收獲物作為種子在境內銷售的；

(III) selling the yields from the introduction experiments of crop seeds or forest tree seeds introduced from abroad as seeds within the territory of PRC; or

（四）進出口假、劣種子或者屬於國家規定不得進出口的種子的。

(IV) import and export false or low-quality seeds, or seeds that are not allowed to be imported and/or exported by national provisions.

第八十條   違反本法第三十六條、第三十八條、第四十條、第四十一條規定，有下列行為之一的，由縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門責令改正，處二千元以上二萬元以下罰款：

Article 80 In the event of any of the following acts violating Article 36, Article 38, Article 40 and Article 41 hereof, the competent agriculture or forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order the violator to make corrections and impose the fine not less than CNY2,000 but not more than CNY20,000:

（一）銷售的種子應當包裝而沒有包裝的；

1. seeds to be sold are not packed as they should be;

（二）銷售的種子沒有使用說明或者標簽內容不符合規定的；

(II) seeds to be sold have no instructions or contents of labels fail to meet provisions;

（三）塗改標簽的；

3. Altering the label;

（四）未按規定建立、保存種子生產經營檔案的；

(IV) The files of seed production and operation are not established and stored;

（五）種子生產經營者在異地設立分支機構、專門經營不再分裝的包裝種子或者受委托生產、代銷種子，未按規定備案的。

(V) seed producers and operators who establish branches in other places, specialize in packaged seeds which need not be divided into smaller packages, or produce and sell seeds as entrusted, fail to report the matter to relevant authorities for record as stipulated.

第八十一條   違反本法第八條規定，侵占、破壞種質資源，私自采集或者采伐國家重點保護的天然種質資源的，由縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門責令停止違法行為，沒收種質資源和違法所得，並處五千元以上五萬元以下罰款；造成損失的，依法承擔賠償責任。

Article 81 If anyone, in violation of Article 8 of this Law, occupies or damages germ plasm resources, or collects or cuts the natural germ plasm resources under special protection of the State, the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the people's government at or above the county level shall order him/her to cease the illegal act, confiscate the illegal gains and the seeds involved, and shall impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan; and such person shall be liable for any loss caused thereby according to law.

第八十二條   違反本法第十一條規定，向境外提供或者從境外引進種質資源，或者與境外機構、個人開展合作研究利用種質資源的，由國務院或者省、自治區、直轄市人民政府的農業、林業主管部門沒收種質資源和違法所得，並處二萬元以上二十萬元以下罰款。

Article 82 If anyone, in violation of Article 11 of this Law, provides germ plasm resources to foreign countries or introduces germ plasm resources from foreign countries; conducts cooperative research using germ plasm resources with a foreign entity or individual, the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under the State Council or under the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region or centrally-administered municipality shall confiscate the germ plasm resources and the illegal gains therefrom, and impose a fine not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan.

未取得農業、林業主管部門的批準文件攜帶、運輸種質資源出境的，海關應當將該種質資源扣留，並移送省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業、林業主管部門處理。

Where germ plasm resources are being taken or transported out of the country without the approval of the administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry, the Customs shall seize the said resources and transfer them to the administrative departments for agriculture and for forestry under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities for disposition.

第八十三條   違反本法第三十五條規定，搶采掠青、損壞母樹或者在劣質林內、劣質母樹上采種的，由縣級以上人民政府林業主管部門責令停止采種行為，沒收所采種子，並處所采種子貨值金額二倍以上五倍以下罰款。

Article 83 If anyone, in violation of Article 35 of this Law, plunders unripe seeds, damages mother trees or collects seeds in inferior forest stands or from inferior mother trees, the administrative department for forestry under the people's government at or above the county level shall order him/her to stop the seed collection act, confiscate the seeds collected, and impose a fine of not less than two times but not more than five times the value of the seeds collected.

第八十四條   違反本法第三十九條規定，收購珍貴樹木種子或者限制收購的林木種子的，由縣級以上人民政府林業主管部門沒收所收購的種子，並處收購種子貨值金額二倍以上五倍以下罰款。

Article 84 If anyone, in violation of Article 39 of this Law, purchases valuable tree seeds, or forest seeds that are restricted from purchase, the administrative department for forestry under people's government at or above the county level shall confiscate the seeds purchased and impose a fine of not less than two times but not more than five times the value of the seeds purchased.

第八十五條   違反本法第十七條規定，種子企業有造假行為的，由省級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門處一百萬元以上五百萬元以下罰款；不得再依照本法第十七條的規定申請品種審定；給種子使用者和其他種子生產經營者造成損失的，依法承擔賠償責任。

Article 85 Where a seed enterprise commits any fraud behaviors which violate Article 17 of the Law, the competent agriculture or forestry department of the people's government at or above the provincial level shall impose the fine not less than CNY1 million but not more than CNY5 million; the seed enterprise shall not apply for the variety examination and approval according to Article 17 of the Law; where seed users and other seed producers and operators suffer from any losses caused by such fraud behaviors, the seed enterprise shall undertake the liability of compensation according to the law.

第八十六條   違反本法第四十五條規定，未根據林業主管部門制定的計劃使用林木良種的，由同級人民政府林業主管部門責令限期改正；逾期未改正的，處三千元以上三萬元以下罰款。

Article 86 Where entities or individuals fail to use the improved forest tree varieties according to the plans developed by the competent forestry departments, in violation of Article 45 of the Law, the competent forestry departments of the people's governments at the same level shall order them to make corrections within a specified time limit; if they fail to do so within the specified time limit, a fine of not less than CNY3,000 but not more than CNY30,000 shall be imposed.

第八十七條   違反本法第五十四條規定，在種子生產基地進行檢疫性有害生物接種試驗的，由縣級以上人民政府農業、林業主管部門責令停止試驗，處五千元以上五萬元以下罰款。

Article 87 If anyone, in violation of Article 54 of this Law, conducts inoculation experiments on quarantine pests in the seed production base, the administrative department for agriculture or for forestry under people's government at or above the county level shall order him/her to cease the experiments and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan.

第八十八條   違反本法第五十條規定，拒絕、阻撓農業、林業主管部門依法實施監督檢查的，處二千元以上五萬元以下罰款，可以責令停產停業整頓；構成違反治安管理行為的，由公安機關依法給予治安管理處罰。

Article 88 Where any entity or individual refuses to accept or obstructs the supervision and inspection conducted by the competent agriculture or forestry department in accordance with the law, which violates Article 50 hereof, a fine of not less than CNY2,000 but not more than CNY50,000 shall be imposed, and the relevant entity or individual may be ordered to suspend production or business for rectification; in case of constituting any violation of public security administration, public security administration punishment shall be imposed by the public security organ in accordance with the law.

第八十九條   違反本法第十三條規定，私自交易育種成果，給本單位造成經濟損失的，依法承擔賠償責任。

Article 89 If anyone, in violation of Article 13 of this Law, privately trades the breeding result, and if economic losses are caused to the entity he/she belongs to, he/she shall undertake liability of compensation.

第九十條   違反本法第四十四條規定，強迫種子使用者違背自己的意願購買、使用種子，給使用者造成損失的，應當承擔賠償責任。

Article 90 Those who, in violation of Article 44 of this Law, force seed users to buy or use seeds against their own free will, and thus cause losses to such users, shall bear the liability for compensation.

第九十一條   違反本法規定，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 91 Where a violation of the provisions of this Law constitutes a criminal offence, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law.

第十章 附 則

Chapter 10 Supplementary Provisions

第九十二條   本法下列用語的含義是：

Article 92 For the purpose of this Law, the definitions of the following terms are:

（一）種質資源是指選育植物新品種的基礎材料，包括各種植物的栽培種、野生種的繁殖材料以及利用上述繁殖材料人工創造的各種植物的遺傳材料。

1. "Seed resources" refer to the basic materials selected to cultivate new varieties, including planting seeds of various flora wild seeds and the genetic materials fabricated with the above materials;

（二）品種是指經過人工選育或者發現並經過改良，形態特征和生物學特性一致，遺傳性狀相對穩定的植物群體。

(II) "Variety" refers to a plant colony whose shape and biological characteristics are uniform, and whose genetic characteristics are relatively stable that has been selected, cultivated, found and improved by human;

（三）主要農作物是指稻、小麥、玉米、棉花、大豆。

(III) "Main crops" refer to rice, wheat, maize, cotton and soybean;

（四）主要林木由國務院林業主管部門確定並公布；省、自治區、直轄市人民政府林業主管部門可以在國務院林業主管部門確定的主要林木之外確定其他八種以下的主要林木。

(IV) The main forest trees shall be determined and published by the competent forestry authority of State Council; other less than eight kinds of main forest trees excluding those determined by the competent forestry authority of State Council may be determined by the competent forestry authority of people's government of province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government.

（五）林木良種是指通過審定的主要林木品種，在一定的區域內，其產量、適應性、抗性等方面明顯優於當前主栽材料的繁殖材料和種植材料。

(V) "Improved forest tree variety" refers to those main forest tree varieties that are examined and approved, and whose output, adaptability and resistance are significantly better than the propagation materials and planting materials;

（六）新穎性是指申請植物新品種權的品種在申請日前，經申請權人自行或者同意銷售、推廣其種子，在中國境內未超過一年；在境外，木本或者藤本植物未超過六年，其他植物未超過四年。

(VI) "Novelty" refers to the case that, prior to the date of filing an application for the right of new plant variety for a variety, the seeds of the variety have been sold and popularized by the applicant or others approved by the applicant for not more than one year in China, while the woody or vine plants not more than six years and the rest plants not more than four years outside China.

本法施行後新列入國家植物品種保護名錄的植物的屬或者種，從名錄公布之日起一年內提出植物新品種權申請的，在境內銷售、推廣該品種種子未超過四年的，具備新穎性。

With regard to the botanical genera and species which are included in the national list of protected plant varieties after the implementation of this Law, if an application for the right of new plant variety is filed within one year as of the date of the publication of the list, or the seed of such variety has been sold or popularized for not more than four years, such variety shall possess the novelty.

除銷售、推廣行為喪失新穎性外，下列情形視為已喪失新穎性：

Except for the sales and popularization behaviors resulting in the loss of the novelty, the varieties under the following circumstances shall be deemed as losing the novelty:

1．品種經省、自治區、直轄市人民政府農業、林業主管部門依據播種面積確認已經形成事實擴散的；

1. the varieties have been determined by the competent agriculture and forestry departments of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government on the basis of the sowing area and have been spread as a fact; and

2．農作物品種已審定或者登記兩年以上未申請植物新品種權的。

2. crops varieties have been examined and approved or registered for more than two years but the rights of new plant varieties have not been applied for.

（七）特異性是指一個植物品種有一個以上性狀明顯區別於已知品種。

(VII) Specificity refers to that one plant variety has one or more characters obviously different from those of the known varieties.

（八）一致性是指一個植物品種的特性除可預期的自然變異外，群體內個體間相關的特征或者特性表現一致。

(VIII) "Consistency" means that, except for the predictable natural variations of properties of one plant variety, relevant features or characteristics are consistent among individual plants within the colony;

（九）穩定性是指一個植物品種經過反複繁殖後或者在特定繁殖周期結束時，其主要性狀保持不變。

(IX) "Stability" refers to the case that main characters of one plant variety remain unchanged after repeated propagation or at the end of a specific propagation cycle;

（十）已知品種是指已受理申請或者已通過品種審定、品種登記、新品種保護，或者已經銷售、推廣的植物品種。

(X) "Known varieties" refer to the plant varieties whose applications have been accepted or which have passed the variety examination and approval, variety registration, and protection of new variety, or which have been sold or popularized.

（十一）標簽是指印制、粘貼、固定或者附著在種子、種子包裝物表面的特定圖案及文字說明。

(XI) "Label" refers to the specific patterns and written descriptions printed, pasted, fixed on or attached to the surface of seeds or packages of seeds.

第九十三條   草種、煙草種、中藥材種、食用菌菌種的種質資源管理和選育、生產經營、管理等活動，參照本法執行。

Article 93 This Law applies as a reference to the activities such as management and selection, production and operation, and administration of the germ plasm resources of grass seeds, tobacco seeds, seeds of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and edible fungus seeds.

第九十四條   本法自2016年1月1日起施行。

Article 94 This Law shall come into force as of January 1, 2016.