法律文本

中华人民共和国教育法（2015修正）

Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Revision 2015)

（1995年3月18日第八届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过根据2009年8月27日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议《关于修改部分法律的决定》第一次修正根据2015年12月27日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国教育法〉的决定》第二次修正）

(Adopted at the 3rd session of the 8th National People 's Congress on March 18, 1995; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amending Certain Laws passed at the 10th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on August 27, 2009; and amended for the second time according to the Decision on Revising the Education Law of the People's Republic of China passed at the 18th session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on December 27, 2015)

第一章 总则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条   为了发展教育事业，提高全民族的素质，促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设，根据宪法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution with a view to developing the cause of education, enhancing the quality of the entire nation and promoting the socialist material as well as spiritual civilization.

第二条   在中华人民共和国境内的各级各类教育，适用本法。

Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to education of all types and at all levels offered within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

第三条   国家坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和建设有中国特色社会主义理论为指导，遵循宪法确定的基本原则，发展社会主义的教育事业。

Article 3 In developing the cause of socialist education, the State adheres to taking Marxism, Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics as its guidelines and follows the basic principles defined in the Constitution.

第四条   教育是社会主义现代化建设的基础，国家保障教育事业优先发展。

Article 4 Education is the basis of the socialist modernization, and the State ensures priority to the development of educational undertakings.

全社会应当关心和支持教育事业的发展。

The entire society should show concern for and give support to the development of educational undertakings.

全社会应当尊重教师。

The entire society shall respect teachers.

第五条   教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务、为人民服务，必须与生产劳动和社会实践相结合，培养德、智、体、美等方面全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。

Article 5 Education shall serve the socialist modernization drive and the people and shall be combined with productive labour and social practice in order to train for the socialist cause builders and successors who are developed in an all-round way-morally, intellectually and physically.

第六条   教育应当坚持立德树人，对受教育者加强社会主义核心价值观教育，增强受教育者的社会责任感、创新精神和实践能力。

Article 6 Moral composition and capacity building shall be followed in education. We shall strengthen educatees' socialist core values; enhance their sense of social responsibility, spirit of innovation and practical ability.

国家在受教育者中进行爱国主义、集体主义、中国特色社会主义的教育，进行理想、道德、纪律、法治、国防和民族团结的教育。

The State conducts education among the educated in patriotism, collectivism, socialism with Chinese characteristics, as well as in the importance of ideals, ethics, discipline, the rule of law, national defense and national unity.

第七条   教育应当继承和弘扬中华民族优秀的历史文化传统，吸收人类文明发展的一切优秀成果。

Article 7 In education, the brilliant historical and cultural tradition of the Chinese nation shall be inherited and carried forward and all other excellent achievements of human civilization shall be absorbed.

第八条   教育活动必须符合国家和社会公共利益。

Article 8 Educational activities shall conform to the national and public interests.

国家实行教育与宗教相分离。任何组织和个人不得利用宗教进行妨碍国家教育制度的活动。

The State separates education from religion. No organization or individual may make use of religion to conduct activities that interfere with the educational system of the State.

第九条   中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务。

Article 9 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the duty as well as the right to receive education.

公民不分民族、种族、性别、职业、财产状况、宗教信仰等，依法享有平等的受教育机会。

All citizens, regardless of ethnic group, race, sex, occupation, property status or religious belief, enjoy equal opportunities for education according to law.

第十条   国家根据各少数民族的特点和需要，帮助各少数民族地区发展教育事业。

Article 10 The State, in light of the characteristics and needs of the different minority ethnic groups, provides assistance to the development of educational undertakings in regions inhabited by the minority ethnic groups.

国家扶持边远贫困地区发展教育事业。

The State supports and assists the development of educational undertakings in the outlying poverty-stricken areas.

国家扶持和发展残疾人教育事业。

The State shall support and develop educational undertakings for disabled persons.

第十一条   国家适应社会主义市场经济发展和社会进步的需要，推进教育改革，推动各级各类教育协调发展、衔接融通，完善现代国民教育体系，健全终身教育体系，提高教育现代化水平。

Article 11 To meet the needs of developing a socialist market economy and promoting social progress, the State carries forward educational reform, promotes the coordinated development, transition and integrity of education of all types and at various levels, improves the modern national educational system, perfects the system of life-long education and improves the level of educational modernization.

国家采取措施促进教育公平，推动教育均衡发展。

The State adopts measures to promote equal access to education and balanced development of education.

国家支持、鼓励和组织教育科学研究，推广教育科学研究成果，促进教育质量提高。

The State supports, encourages and organizes scientific research in education, disseminate the results of scientific research in education so as to enhance the quality of education.

第十二条   国家通用语言文字为学校及其他教育机构的基本教育教学语言文字，学校及其他教育机构应当使用国家通用语言文字进行教育教学。

Article 12 The general language of the State shall be the basic spoken and written language in education and teaching in schools and other institutions of education, which shall use it for education and teaching.

民族自治地方以少数民族学生为主的学校及其他教育机构，从实际出发，使用国家通用语言文字和本民族或者当地民族通用的语言文字实施双语教育。

In schools and other educational institutions in which students of minority nationalities constitute the majority, both the common spoken and written State language and the spoken and written language commonly used by the specific or local nationalities are used for bilingual education.

国家采取措施，为少数民族学生为主的学校及其他教育机构实施双语教育提供条件和支持。

The State takes measures to provide conditions and supports for the implementation of bilingual education in schools and other educational institutions in which students of a minority ethnic group constitute the majority.

第十三条   国家对发展教育事业做出突出贡献的组织和个人，给予奖励。

Article 13 The State awards organizations or individuals that have made outstanding contributions to the development of educational undertakings.

第十四条   国务院和地方各级人民政府根据分级管理、分工负责的原则，领导和管理教育工作。

Article 14 The State Council and the local people's governments at various levels shall guide and administer the educational work under the principles of administration by different levels and of a division of responsibilities.

中等及中等以下教育在国务院领导下，由地方人民政府管理。

Secondary education and education at lower levels shall be administered by the local people's governments under the guidance of the State Council.

高等教育由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理。

Higher education shall be administered by the State Council, and/or the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government.

第十五条   国务院教育行政部门主管全国教育工作，统筹规划、协调管理全国的教育事业。

Article 15 The administrative department of education under the State Council shall be in charge of the nationwide educational work, and undertake overall planning, coordination and management of the educational undertakings throughout the country.

县级以上地方各级人民政府教育行政部门主管本行政区域内的教育工作。

The administrative departments of education under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the educational work in their respective administrative regions respectively.

县级以上各级人民政府其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的教育工作。

Other relevant departments under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the related educational work within the scope of their functions and duties.

第十六条   国务院和县级以上地方各级人民政府应当向本级人民代表大会或者其常务委员会报告教育工作和教育经费预算、决算情况，接受监督。

Article 16 The State Council and the local people's governments at or above the county level shall report to the people's congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing committees on the work of education and on the budgets and final accounts of the operating expenses for education, which shall be subject to supervision.

第二章 教育基本制度

Chapter Two Basic System of Education

第十七条   国家实行学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育的学校教育制度。

Article 17 The State applies a school education system embracing pre- school education, primary education, secondary education and higher education.

国家建立科学的学制系统。学制系统内的学校和其他教育机构的设置、教育形式、修业年限、招生对象、培养目标等，由国务院或者由国务院授权教育行政部门规定。

The State establishes a scientific educational system. The establishment, forms of education, length of schooling, enrollment targets, objectives of training, etc. of schools and other educational institutions governed by the schooling system shall be prescribed by the State Council or the administrative department of education empowered by the State Council.

第十八条   国家制定学前教育标准，加快普及学前教育，构建覆盖城乡，特别是农村的学前教育公共服务体系。

Article 18 The State formulates the standard for pre-school education, accelerates the popularization of pre-school education and constitutes a public service system of pre-school education that covers both urban and rural areas, especially villages.

各级人民政府应当采取措施，为适龄儿童接受学前教育提供条件和支持。

The people's governments at all levels shall take measures to provide conditions and supports for school-age children to accept pre-school education.

第十九条   国家实行九年制义务教育制度。

Article 19 The State applies a system of nine-year compulsory education.

各级人民政府采取各种措施保障适龄儿童、少年就学。

People's governments at various levels shall take various measures to guarantee school-age children and adolescents access to education.

适龄儿童、少年的父母或者其他监护人以及有关社会组织和个人有义务使适龄儿童、少年接受并完成规定年限的义务教育。

Parents or other guardians of school-age children and adolescents as well as social organizations and individuals concerned shall have the obligation to ensure that school-age children and adolescents receive and complete compulsory education for the prescribed number of years.

第二十条   国家实行职业教育制度和继续教育制度。

Article 20 The State applies a system of vocational education and a system of continuing education.

各级人民政府、有关行政部门和行业组织以及企业事业组织应当采取措施，发展并保障公民接受职业学校教育或者各种形式的职业培训。

People's governments at various levels, the administrative departments concerned and enterprises and institutions shall adopt measures to develop vocational education and guarantee that citizens receive education in vocational schools or different types of vocational training.

国家鼓励发展多种形式的继续教育，使公民接受适当形式的政治、经济、文化、科学、技术、业务等方面的教育，促进不同类型学习成果的互认和衔接，推动全民终身学习。

The State encourages the development of various forms of continuing education so that citizens may receive appropriate education in politics, economics, culture, science and technology and professional, promotes mutual recognition and transition of learning results of different types, and drive people to receive life-long education.

第二十一条   国家实行国家教育考试制度。

Article 21 The State applies a national education examination system.

国家教育考试由国务院教育行政部门确定种类，并由国家批准的实施教育考试的机构承办。

The administrative department of education under the State Council shall determine the types of national education examinations which shall be undertaken by the institutions approved by the State for such examinations.

第二十二条   国家实行学业证书制度。

Article 22 The State applies a system of education certificates.

经国家批准设立或者认可的学校及其他教育机构按照国家有关规定，颁发学历证书或者其他学业证书。

Schools and other educational institutions of established upon approval or recognized by the State shall issue academic qualification certificates or other education certificates in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.

第二十三条   国家实行学位制度。

Article 23 The State applies a system of academic degree.

学位授予单位依法对达到一定学术水平或者专业技术水平的人员授予相应的学位，颁发学位证书。

Institutions entitled to grant academic degrees shall grant to persons who have attained the required academic or professional or technical level corresponding academic degrees and issue to them degree certificates in accordance with law.

第二十四条   各级人民政府、基层群众性自治组织和企业事业组织应当采取各种措施，开展扫除文盲的教育工作。

Article 24 People's governments at various levels, grass-roots autonomous organizations of a mass character and enterprises and institutions shall take all kinds of measures to carry out literacy education program.

按照国家规定具有接受扫除文盲教育能力的公民，应当接受扫除文盲的教育。

Citizens capable of receiving literacy education according to relevant regulations of the State shall receive the literacy education.

第二十五条   国家实行教育督导制度和学校及其他教育机构教育评估制度。

Article 25 The State applies an educational supervision system and an educational evaluation system for schools and other educational institutions.

第三章 学校及其他教育机构

Chapter 3 Schools and Other Educational Institutions

第二十六条   国家制定教育发展规划，并举办学校及其他教育机构。

Article 26 The State formulates plans for the development of education and establishes and runs schools and other educational institutions.

国家鼓励企业事业组织、社会团体、其他社会组织及公民个人依法举办学校及其他教育机构。

The State encourages enterprises, institutions, public organizations and other social organizations, as well as individual citizens to establish and run schools or other educational institutions in accordance with law.

国家举办学校及其他教育机构，应当坚持勤俭节约的原则。

The principle of thrift shall be followed in establishing schools and other educational institutions by the State.

以财政性经费、捐赠资产举办或者参与举办的学校及其他教育机构不得设立为营利性组织。

The schools and other educational institutions funded or partially funded by financial funds or donated assets shall not be set up as profit-making organizations.

第二十七条   设立学校及其他教育机构，必须具备下列基本条件：

Article 27 For the establishment of a school or any other educational institution, the following basic conditions shall be fulfilled:

（一）有组织机构和章程；

1. Having its organizational structure and articles of association;

（二）有合格的教师；

2. Having qualified teachers;

（三）有符合规定标准的教学场所及设施、设备等；

3. Having teaching places, facilities and equipment that conform to the prescribed standards;

（四）有必备的办学资金和稳定的经费来源。

(IV) Having necessary funds for running the school and stable sources of the funds.

第二十八条   学校及其他教育机构的设立、变更和终止，应当按照国家有关规定办理审核、批准、注册或者备案手续。

Article 28 The establishment, modification or termination of a school or any other educational institution shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, go through the formalities of examination, verification, approval and registration or filing for the record.

第二十九条   学校及其他教育机构行使下列权利：

Article 29 Schools and other educational institutions shall exercise the following rights:

（一）按照章程自主管理；

1. Self-management in accordance with the articles of association;

（二）组织实施教育教学活动；

2. to organize educational and teaching activities;

（三）招收学生或者其他受教育者；

3. to enroll students or other educatees;

（四）对受教育者进行学籍管理，实施奖励或者处分；

4. to manage school roll and grant awards to or take disciplinary measures against educatees;

（五）对受教育者颁发相应的学业证书；

(V) to grant to educatees appropriate education certificates;

（六）聘任教师及其他职工，实施奖励或者处分；

(VI) to recruit teachers, other staff and workers and grant awards to or take disciplinary measures against them;

（七）管理、使用本单位的设施和经费；

(VII) to manage and use its own facilities and funds;

（八）拒绝任何组织和个人对教育教学活动的非法干涉；

(VIII) to brook no unlawful interference with their educational and teaching activities by any organization or individual; and

（九）法律、法规规定的其他权利。

(IX) Other rights stipulated by laws and regulations.

国家保护学校及其他教育机构的合法权益不受侵犯。

The State protects the lawful rights and interests of schools and other educational institutions from infringement.

第三十条   学校及其他教育机构应当履行下列义务：

Article 30 Schools and other educational institutions shall fulfill the following obligations:

（一）遵守法律、法规；

1. observing laws and regulations;

（二）贯彻国家的教育方针，执行国家教育教学标准，保证教育教学质量；

2. to implement the State's educational policies, apply the standards set by the State for education and teaching and guarantee the quality of education and teaching;

（三）维护受教育者、教师及其他职工的合法权益；

(III) to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of educatees, teachers and other staff and workers;

（四）以适当方式为受教育者及其监护人了解受教育者的学业成绩及其他有关情况提供便利；

(IV) to provide convenience in appropriate ways for educatees and their guardians to have access to the educatees' academic performance and other relevant information;

（五）遵照国家有关规定收取费用并公开收费项目；

(V) Collect charges and publicize the charging items in accordance with the relevant regulations of the state;

（六）依法接受监督。

(VI) accepting supervision in accordance with the law.

第三十一条   学校及其他教育机构的举办者按照国家有关规定，确定其所举办的学校或者其他教育机构的管理体制。

Article 31 Organizations or individuals that establish and run schools or other educational institutions may, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, determine the management system for the schools or other educational institutions they have established and run.

学校及其他教育机构的校长或者主要行政负责人必须由具有中华人民共和国国籍、在中国境内定居、并具备国家规定任职条件的公民担任，其任免按照国家有关规定办理。学校的教学及其他行政管理，由校长负责。

The president or the leading administrator of a school or any other institution of education shall be a citizen of the nationality of the People's Republic of China, who has settled down within the territory of China and meets the qualifications for the post prescribed by the State, and he or she shall be appointed or removed in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State. The principal shall be responsible for the teaching and administration of the school.

学校及其他教育机构应当按照国家有关规定，通过以教师为主体的教职工代表大会等组织形式，保障教职工参与民主管理和监督。

Schools and other educational institutions shall, in accordance with relevant regulations of the State, guarantee that teachers, staff members and workers participate in the democratic management and supervision through the congress of teachers, staff members and workers with teachers as its main body, or through other forms.

第三十二条   学校及其他教育机构具备法人条件的，自批准设立或者登记注册之日起取得法人资格。

Article 32 A school or any other educational institution that meets the requirements for a legal person shall acquire the status of a legal person from the date on which its establishment is approved or it is registered.

学校及其他教育机构在民事活动中依法享有民事权利，承担民事责任。

A school or any other institution of education shall, in civil activities, enjoy civil rights and bear civil liabilities according to law.

学校及其他教育机构中的国有资产属于国家所有。

State-owned assets in schools and other educational institutions are owned by the State.

学校及其他教育机构兴办的校办产业独立承担民事责任。

Businesses run by schools or other educational institutions shall bear civil liabilities independently.

第四章 教师和其他教育工作者

Chapter 4 Teachers and Other Educators

第三十三条   教师享有法律规定的权利，履行法律规定的义务，忠诚于人民的教育事业。

Article 33 Teachers shall enjoy the rights prescribed by law, fulfill the obligations prescribed by law and devote themselves to the people's cause of education.

第三十四条   国家保护教师的合法权益，改善教师的工作条件和生活条件，提高教师的社会地位。

Article 34 The State protects the lawful rights and interests of teachers, improves their working and living conditions and enhances their social status.

教师的工资报酬、福利待遇，依照法律、法规的规定办理。

Salaries and welfare benefits for teachers shall be handled according to provisions of laws and regulations.

第三十五条   国家实行教师资格、职务、聘任制度，通过考核、奖励、培养和培训，提高教师素质，加强教师队伍建设。

Article 35 The State applies a system of qualifications, posts and appointment for teachers, enhances the quality of teachers and build a strong contingent of teachers by means of examination, awards and training.

第三十六条   学校及其他教育机构中的管理人员，实行教育职员制度。

Article 36 A system of educational administrators is applied for administrative personnel of schools and other educational institutions.

学校及其他教育机构中的教学辅助人员和其他专业技术人员，实行专业技术职务聘任制度。

A system of appointment for professional or technical post shall be applied for auxiliary teaching staff and other professional or technical personnel in schools and other educational institutions.

第五章 受教育者

Chapter 5 Education

第三十七条   受教育者在入学、升学、就业等方面依法享有平等权利。

Article 37 Educatees shall enjoy equal rights in enrollment, admission to schools of a higher level, employment, etc. according to law.

学校和有关行政部门应当按照国家有关规定，保障女子在入学、升学、就业、授予学位、派出留学等方面享有同男子平等的权利。

Schools and administrative departments concerned shall, in accordance with relevant regulations of the State, ensure that females enjoy equal rights with males in enrollment, admission to schools of a higher level, employment, conferment of academic degrees, dispatch for study abroad, etc.

第三十八条   国家、社会对符合入学条件、家庭经济困难的儿童、少年、青年，提供各种形式的资助。

Article 38 The State and society provide children, adolescents and youths who meet the conditions for school admission but whose families are in financial difficulties with financial assistance in various forms.

第三十九条   国家、社会、学校及其他教育机构应当根据残疾人身心特性和需要实施教育，并为其提供帮助和便利。

Article 39 The State, society, schools and other educational institutions shall carry out education for the disabled in light of their physical and mental conditions and needs and provide them with assistance and convenience.

第四十条   国家、社会、家庭、学校及其他教育机构应当为有违法犯罪行为的未成年人接受教育创造条件。

Article 40 The State, society, families, schools and other educational institutions shall create conditions for adolescent delinquents to receive education.

第四十一条   从业人员有依法接受职业培训和继续教育的权利和义务。

Article 41 Employees shall have the right and obligation to receive vocational training and continuing education according to law.

国家机关、企业事业组织和其他社会组织，应当为本单位职工的学习和培训提供条件和便利。

State organs, enterprises, institutions and other social organizations shall create conditions and provide convenience for their staff to study and receive training.

第四十二条   国家鼓励学校及其他教育机构、社会组织采取措施，为公民接受终身教育创造条件。

Article 42 The State encourages schools and other educational institutions as well as social organizations to take measures for creating conditions for citizens to receive life-long education.

第四十三条   受教育者享有下列权利：

Article 43 Educatees shall enjoy the following rights:

（一）参加教育教学计划安排的各种活动，使用教育教学设施、设备、图书资料；

1. to participate in various activities arranged according to educational or teaching programs and use educational or teaching facilities, equipment and books and materials;

（二）按照国家有关规定获得奖学金、贷学金、助学金；

(II) to receive scholarships, student loans or subsidies in accordance with relevant regulations of the State;

（三）在学业成绩和品行上获得公正评价，完成规定的学业后获得相应的学业证书、学位证书；

3. to receive a fair evaluation of his or her academic performance and moral character, and receive an education certificate or academic degree certificate, as appropriate, upon completion of the required programs; and

（四）对学校给予的处分不服向有关部门提出申诉，对学校、教师侵犯其人身权、财产权等合法权益，提出申诉或者依法提起诉讼；

(IV) to lodge a complaint with the competent department if he or she refuses to accept punishment imposed by the school, and lodge a complaint or bring a lawsuit, in accordance with laws, against an infringement upon his or her personal or property right etc.; and

（五）法律、法规规定的其他权利。

(V) Other rights stipulated by laws and regulations.

第四十四条   受教育者应当履行下列义务：

Article 44 Educatees shall fulfill the following obligations:

（一）遵守法律、法规；

1. observing laws and regulations;

（二）遵守学生行为规范，尊敬师长，养成良好的思想品德和行为习惯；

2. to observe norms of conduct for students, respect teachers and develop sound ideology, moral character and habits of conduct;

（三）努力学习，完成规定的学习任务；

(III) to work hard in their studies and complete the assigned tasks of study;

（四）遵守所在学校或者其他教育机构的管理制度。

(IV) to adhere to the management system of the school or any other educational institution they attend.

第四十五条   教育、体育、卫生行政部门和学校及其他教育机构应当完善体育、卫生保健设施，保护学生的身心健康。

Article 45 Administrative departments of education, sports and public health, and schools or other educational institutions shall improve sports and health care facilities to ensure students good health both in body and in mind.

第六章 教育与社会

Chapter 6 Education and Society

第四十六条   国家机关、军队、企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织和个人，应当依法为儿童、少年、青年学生的身心健康成长创造良好的社会环境。

Article 46 State organs, units of the army, enterprises, institutions, public organizations, other social organizations and individuals shall, in accordance with law, create a good social environment for children, adolescents and students so that they may grow up healthy both physically and mentally.

第四十七条   国家鼓励企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织同高等学校、中等职业学校在教学、科研、技术开发和推广等方面进行多种形式的合作。

Article 47 The State encourages enterprises, institutions, public organizations and other social organizations to cooperate in various forms with institutions of higher learning and secondary vocational schools in the development and popularization of teaching, scientific research, and technology.

企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织和个人，可以通过适当形式，支持学校的建设，参与学校管理。

Enterprises, institutions, public organizations, other social organizations and individuals may, in appropriate ways, support the development of schools and participate in their management.

第四十八条   国家机关、军队、企业事业组织及其他社会组织应当为学校组织的学生实习、社会实践活动提供帮助和便利。

Article 48 State organs, units of the army, enterprises, institutions and other social organizations shall provide assistance and convenience for students' internships and social practices arranged by schools.

第四十九条   学校及其他教育机构在不影响正常教育教学活动的前提下，应当积极参加当地的社会公益活动。

Article 49 Schools and other educational institutions shall take an active part in local public welfare activities, provided that this does not affect their normal educational and teaching activities.

第五十条   未成年人的父母或者其他监护人应当为其未成年子女或者其他被监护人受教育提供必要条件。

Article 50 Parents or other guardians of minors shall provide the necessary conditions for their minor children or other minors under their guardianship to receive education.

未成年人的父母或者其他监护人应当配合学校及其他教育机构，对其未成年子女或者其他被监护人进行教育。

Parents or other guardians of minors shall coordinate with schools or other institutions of education in educating their minor children or other minors under their guardianship.

学校、教师可以对学生家长提供家庭教育指导。

Schools and teachers may provide family education guidance to students' parents.

第五十一条   图书馆、博物馆、科技馆、文化馆、美术馆、体育馆（场）等社会公共文化体育设施，以及历史文化古迹和革命纪念馆（地），应当对教师、学生实行优待，为受教育者接受教育提供便利。

Article 51 Libraries, museums, science and technology centers, cultural centers, art galleries, stadiums (gymnasiums) and other public cultural and sports facilities as well as places of historic and cultural interest and revolutionary memorial halls (sites) shall give preferential treatment to teachers and students and provide convenience for educatees to receive education.

广播、电视台（站）应当开设教育节目，促进受教育者思想品德、文化和科学技术素质的提高。

Radio and television stations (centers) shall offer educational programs designed to help enhance the ideology and moral character and cultural, scientific and technological qualities of educatees.

第五十二条   国家、社会建立和发展对未成年人进行校外教育的设施。

Article 52 The State and society shall establish and develop educational facilities for minors to receive after-school education.

学校及其他教育机构应当同基层群众性自治组织、企业事业组织、社会团体相互配合，加强对未成年人的校外教育工作。

Schools and other educational institutions shall coordinate with grassroots autonomous organizations of a mass character, enterprises, institutions and public organizations to strengthen after-school education for minors.

第五十三条   国家鼓励社会团体、社会文化机构及其他社会组织和个人开展有益于受教育者身心健康的社会文化教育活动。

Article 53 The State encourages public organizations, social and cultural institutions, other social organizations and individuals to offer social, cultural and educational activities that are conducive to the sound development in body and mind of educatees.

第七章 教育投入与条件保障

Chapter 7 Educational Input and Guarantee of Conditions

第五十四条   国家建立以财政拨款为主、其他多种渠道筹措教育经费为辅的体制，逐步增加对教育的投入，保证国家举办的学校教育经费的稳定来源。

Article 54 The State practices a system wherein government appropriations constitute the main body of the educational appropriations, supplemented by funds raised from a variety of other sources, and the State gradually increases its educational input so as to ensure a stable source of educational appropriations for State-run schools.

企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织和个人依法举办的学校及其他教育机构，办学经费由举办者负责筹措，各级人民政府可以给予适当支持。

With respect to schools and other educational institutions established and run by enterprises, institutions, public organizations, other social organizations or individuals, their operating expenses shall be raised by the respective sponsors; the people's governments at various levels may provide them with appropriate support.

第五十五条   国家财政性教育经费支出占国民生产总值的比例应当随着国民经济的发展和财政收入的增长逐步提高。具体比例和实施步骤由国务院规定。

Article 55 The proportion of educational appropriations in gross national product allocated by the State shall gradually rise, as the national economy develops and the financial revenue increases. The specific proportion and implementation procedures shall be prescribed by the State Council.

全国各级财政支出总额中教育经费所占比例应当随着国民经济的发展逐步提高。

The proportion of educational appropriations allocated by governments at various levels shall gradually rise along with the development of the national economy.

第五十六条   各级人民政府的教育经费支出，按照事权和财权相统一的原则，在财政预算中单独列项。

Article 56 The educational appropriations of the people's governments at various levels shall be listed separately in their fiscal budgets in accordance with the principle of their unified authority over the administrative affairs and the financial affairs.

各级人民政府教育财政拨款的增长应当高于财政经常性收入的增长，并使按在校学生人数平均的教育费用逐步增长，保证教师工资和学生人均公用经费逐步增长。

The people's governments at various levels shall see to it that their appropriations for education shall increase at a faster rate than their regular revenues, that the average expenditure on per enrolled student shall increase steadily and that the teachers' salaries and the average public expenditure per student shall increase steadily.

第五十七条   国务院及县级以上地方各级人民政府应当设立教育专项资金，重点扶持边远贫困地区、少数民族地区实施义务教育。

Article 57 The State Council and the people's governments at or above the county level shall set up a special fund for education to be used mainly for assisting outlying and poverty-stricken areas and areas inhabited by minority ethnic groups in enforcing compulsory education there.

第五十八条   税务机关依法足额征收教育费附加，由教育行政部门统筹管理，主要用于实施义务教育。

Article 58 Taxation authorities shall collect in full the extra charges of education funds, all of which shall be controlled by the administrative departments of education and used mainly for the enforcement of compulsory education.

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据国务院的有关规定，可以决定开征用于教育的地方附加费，专款专用。

Pursuant to the relevant regulations of the State Council, the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may decide to levy local extra charges for educational purpose, which shall be used exclusively for education.

第五十九条   国家采取优惠措施，鼓励和扶持学校在不影响正常教育教学的前提下开展勤工俭学和社会服务，兴办校办产业。

Article 59 The State adopts preferential measures to encourage and help schools to launch work-study programs, to provide services for the community and to set up schools factories, on condition that this shall not affect the normal education and teaching.

第六十条   国家鼓励境内、境外社会组织和个人捐资助学。

Article 60 The State encourages social organizations and individuals both at home and abroad to donate money for education.

第六十一条   国家财政性教育经费、社会组织和个人对教育的捐赠，必须用于教育，不得挪用、克扣。

Article 61 Educational appropriations from the State and contributions and donations offered by social organizations or individuals for education shall be exclusively used for education and not be diverted to any other purposes or withheld.

第六十二条   国家鼓励运用金融、信贷手段，支持教育事业的发展。

Article 62 The State encourages the use of loans and other financial means to support the development of educational undertakings.

第六十三条   各级人民政府及其教育行政部门应当加强对学校及其他教育机构教育经费的监督管理，提高教育投资效益。

Article 63 People's governments at various levels and their administrative departments of education shall strengthen supervision and control over educational appropriations for schools and other educational institutions in order to achieve better results of investment in education.

第六十四条   地方各级人民政府及其有关行政部门必须把学校的基本建设纳入城乡建设规划，统筹安排学校的基本建设用地及所需物资，按照国家有关规定实行优先、优惠政策。

Article 64 Local people's governments at various levels and their relevant administrative departments shall incorporate capital construction for schools into rural and urban construction plans, make overall arrangements for the land and materials needed for capital construction for schools, and give priority to and adopt preferential policies towards such capital construction in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.

第六十五条   各级人民政府对教科书及教学用图书资料的出版发行，对教学仪器、设备的生产和供应，对用于学校教育教学和科学研究的图书资料、教学仪器、设备的进口，按照国家有关规定实行优先、优惠政策。

Article 65 People's governments at various levels shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, give priority and adopt preferential policies with regard to the publication and distribution of textbooks and other printed materials for teaching and learning purposes, the production and supply of teaching and learning instruments and equipment, and the importation of books and other printed materials, teaching and learning instruments and equipment for education and scientific research.

第六十六条   国家推进教育信息化，加快教育信息基础设施建设，利用信息技术促进优质教育资源普及共享，提高教育教学水平和教育管理水平。

Article 66 The State carries forward educational informationization, accelerates the construction of the infrastructure for educational information, and makes use of information technology to promote the popularization and sharing of high- quality educational resources, in order to improve education and teaching as well as educational management.

县级以上人民政府及其有关部门应当发展教育信息技术和其他现代化教学方式，有关行政部门应当优先安排，给予扶持。

People's governments at or above the county level and the departments concerned shall develop educational information technology and other modern teaching methods for which the relevant administrative departments shall give priority in arrangement and give support.

国家鼓励学校及其他教育机构推广运用现代化教学方式。

The State encourages schools and other educational institutions to popularize and apply modern teaching methods.

第八章 教育对外交流与合作

Chapter 8 Foreign Exchange and Cooperation in Education

第六十七条   国家鼓励开展教育对外交流与合作，支持学校及其他教育机构引进优质教育资源，依法开展中外合作办学，发展国际教育服务，培养国际化人才。

Article 67 The State encourages foreign exchange and cooperation in education, supports schools and other educational institutions in introducing quality educational resources, carrying out Sino-foreign cooperative education by law, developing international education services and cultivating internationalized talents.

教育对外交流与合作坚持独立自主、平等互利、相互尊重的原则，不得违反中国法律，不得损害国家主权、安全和社会公共利益。

In conducting foreign exchange and cooperation in education, the principles of independence, equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect shall be adhered to, the laws of the People's Republic of China shall not be violated, and the State sovereignty and security and public interests shall not be damaged.

第六十八条   中国境内公民出国留学、研究、进行学术交流或者任教，依照国家有关规定办理。

Article 68 To go abroad for study, research, academic exchange or teaching purposes by Chinese citizens within the territory of China shall be handled according to the relevant regulations of the State.

第六十九条   中国境外个人符合国家规定的条件并办理有关手续后，可以进入中国境内学校及其他教育机构学习、研究、进行学术交流或者任教，其合法权益受国家保护。

Article 69 Individuals outside the territory of China, who meet the requirements of the State and complete the relevant formalities, may enter China to study, do research, engage in academic exchange or teach in schools or other educational institutions. Their lawful rights and interests shall be protected by the State.

第七十条   中国对境外教育机构颁发的学位证书、学历证书及其他学业证书的承认，依照中华人民共和国缔结或者加入的国际条约办理，或者按照国家有关规定办理。

Article 70 Recognition of the academic degree certificates, educational qualification certificates and other types of education certificates issued by educational institutions outside the territory of China shall be governed by the international treaties to which China is a signatory party or has acceded, or by the relevant regulations of the State.

第九章 法律责任

Chapter 9 Legal Liabilities

第七十一条   违反国家有关规定，不按照预算核拨教育经费的，由同级人民政府限期核拨；情节严重的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分。

Article 71 Where, in violation of relevant regulations of the State, educational appropriations are not examined and allocated as specified in the budget, the people's government at the corresponding level shall set a time limit for such examination and allocation; if the case is serious, leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given sanctions according to laws.

违反国家财政制度、财务制度，挪用、克扣教育经费的，由上级机关责令限期归还被挪用、克扣的经费，并对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Where, in violation of the State's fiscal system or financial system, educational appropriations are diverted to other purposes or withheld, the organ at a higher level shall order the return, within a time limit, of the part of the appropriations that is diverted to other purposes or withheld and shall impose, in accordance with law, sanctions on the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it; if the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

第七十二条   结伙斗殴、寻衅滋事，扰乱学校及其他教育机构教育教学秩序或者破坏校舍、场地及其他财产的，由公安机关给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 72 If anyone engages in gang-fighting or stirs up quarrels, thus disrupting educational or teaching order of schools or other educational institutions, or destroys school buildings, sites or other property, he shall be given administrative penalties of public security by public security organs; if the case constitutes a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

侵占学校及其他教育机构的校舍、场地及其他财产的，依法承担民事责任。

If anyone illegally occupies school buildings, sites or other property, he shall bear civil liabilities according to law.

第七十三条   明知校舍或者教育教学设施有危险，而不采取措施，造成人员伤亡或者重大财产损失的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 73 If anyone knowingly fails to take measures with regard to the school buildings or educational or teaching facilities that are dangerous, thus causing human casualties or heavy losses of property, the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to laws.

第七十四条   违反国家有关规定，向学校或者其他教育机构收取费用的，由政府责令退还所收费用；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分。

Article 74 If anyone, in violation of relevant regulations of the State, collects fees from a school or any other institution of education, he shall be ordered by the government concerned to return the fees thus collected; the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given sanctions according to laws.

第七十五条   违反国家有关规定，举办学校或者其他教育机构的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门予以撤销；有违法所得的，没收违法所得；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分。

Article 75 If anyone, in violation of relevant regulations of the State, establishes schools or other educational institutions, such schools or institutions shall be dissolved by the administrative department of education or other relevant administrative departments; the unlawful gains, if any, shall be confiscated; the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given sanctions according to laws.

第七十六条   学校或者其他教育机构违反国家有关规定招收学生的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门责令退回招收的学生，退还所收费用；对学校、其他教育机构给予警告，可以处违法所得五倍以下罚款；情节严重的，责令停止相关招生资格一年以上三年以下，直至撤销招生资格、吊销办学许可证；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 76 Where a school or educational institution, in violation of the relevant regulations of the State, recruits students, it will be ordered by the administrative department of education or other relevant administrative departments to send back such students and to return the fees thus collected; the school or the educational institution will be given a warning and be imposed a fine not more than five times the illegal gains; in serious cases, the school or the educational institution will be ordered to cease recruitment for one to three years, or even be disqualified for recruitment or the permit for running a school will be revoked. The person directly in charge and other persons directly liable for it will be imposed administrative sanctions according to law, if the case constitutes a crime, criminal liability will be pursued according to law.

第七十七条   在招收学生工作中徇私舞弊的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门责令退回招收的人员；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 77 If anyone practices favoritism or other irregularities in enrolling students or other trainees, he shall be ordered by the relevant administrative department of education or other relevant administrative departments to dismiss the students or trainees; the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given sanctions according to laws; if the case constitutes a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to laws.

第七十八条   学校及其他教育机构违反国家有关规定向受教育者收取费用的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门责令退还所收费用；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分。

Article 78 Where schools or other educational institutions, in violation of relevant regulations of the State, collect fees from educatees, such schools or institutions shall be ordered by the relevant administrative department of education or other relevant administrative departments to return the fees thus collected; the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given sanctions according to laws.

第七十九条   考生在国家教育考试中有下列行为之一的，由组织考试的教育考试机构工作人员在考试现场采取必要措施予以制止并终止其继续参加考试；组织考试的教育考试机构可以取消其相关考试资格或者考试成绩；情节严重的，由教育行政部门责令停止参加相关国家教育考试一年以上三年以下；构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：

Article 79 With regards to an examinee who commits any of the following offences in a national education examination, the staff of the education examination body that organizes the examination shall take necessary measures on site to hold down the irregularity and stop the examinee from continuing taking the examination; the education examination body that organizes the examination may disqualify the examinee for relevant exams or exam results; if the case is serious, the administrative department of education will order the examinee to stop taking relevant national education examinations for one to three years; if the case constitutes violation of security administration, the public security organ will impose penalties for security administration according to law; if the case constitutes a crime, criminal liability will be pursued according to law:

（一）非法获取考试试题或者答案的；

1. illegally obtain examination papers or the key thereto;

（二）携带或者使用考试作弊器材、资料的；

2. carry or use cheating devices or materials for examination;

（三）抄袭他人答案的；

(III) plagiarize others' answers;

（四）让他人代替自己参加考试的；

(IV) Asking any other person to take the examination for him;

（五）其他以不正当手段获得考试成绩的作弊行为。

(V) obtaining examination results by cheating via other improper means.

第八十条   任何组织或者个人在国家教育考试中有下列行为之一，有违法所得的，由公安机关没收违法所得，并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚款；情节严重的，处五日以上十五日以下拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；属于国家机关工作人员的，还应当依法给予处分：

Article 80 With regard to any organization or individual that commits any of the following offences, the public security organ will confiscate the illegal gains, if any, and impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal gains; if the case is serious, the offender will be detained for not less than five days but not more than 15 days; if the case constitutes a crime, criminal liability will be pursued according to law; and if the offender is a civil servant, administrative sanctions will be concurrently imposed according to law:

（一）组织作弊的；

1. organize cheating behaviors;

（二）通过提供考试作弊器材等方式为作弊提供帮助或者便利的；

2. provide assistance or convenience for cheating via offering cheating devices for examination or otherwise;

（三）代替他人参加考试的；

3. take an examination for others;

（四）在考试结束前泄露、传播考试试题或者答案的；

(IV) reveal and communicate examination papers or the key thereto before the end of an examination; and

（五）其他扰乱考试秩序的行为。

5. other behaviors disturbing the examination order.

第八十一条   举办国家教育考试，教育行政部门、教育考试机构疏于管理，造成考场秩序混乱、作弊情况严重的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 81 Where an administrative department of education or educational examination institution neglects management while holding a national educational examination, which leads to chaotic examination order or serious cheating, the person directly in charge and other persons directly liable shall be given relevant sanctions in accordance with the law; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated in accordance with the law.

第八十二条   学校或者其他教育机构违反本法规定，颁发学位证书、学历证书或者其他学业证书的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门宣布证书无效，责令收回或者予以没收；有违法所得的，没收违法所得；情节严重的，责令停止相关招生资格一年以上三年以下，直至撤销招生资格、颁发证书资格；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分。

Article 82 Where a school or any other educational institution, in violation of this Law, issues academic degree certificate, education qualification certificate or any other schooling documents, the administrative department of education or other administrative department concerned shall nullify such certificate, order to take back or confiscate such certificate; the illegal gains, if any, will be confiscated; if the case is serious, the school or the educational institution will be ordered to cease recruitment for one to three years, or even be disqualified for recruitment or for issuing certificates; and the person directly in charge and other persons directly liable for it will be imposed sanctions according to law.

前款规定以外的任何组织或者个人制造、销售、颁发假冒学位证书、学历证书或者其他学业证书，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

With regards to an organization or individual other than that specified in the preceding paragraph who manufactures, sells or issues false academic degree certificates, education qualification certificates or other schooling documents, which violates the security administration, the public security organ will impose penalties for security administration according to law; if the case constitutes a crime, criminal liability will be pursued according to law.

以作弊、剽窃、抄袭等欺诈行为或者其他不正当手段获得学位证书、学历证书或者其他学业证书的，由颁发机构撤销相关证书。购买、使用假冒学位证书、学历证书或者其他学业证书，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚。

Where anyone obtains a degree certificate, educational qualification certificate or any other academic certificate by way of cheating, plagiarizing, copying or other fraudulent behaviors or other improper means, the issuing institution shall repeal the relevant certificate. Where anyone buys or uses any counterfeit degree certificate, educational qualification certificate or any other academic certificate, which constitutes a violation of public security administration, the public security organ shall give a penalty for public security administration in accordance with the law.

第八十三条   违反本法规定，侵犯教师、受教育者、学校或者其他教育机构的合法权益，造成损失、损害的，应当依法承担民事责任。

Article 83 If anyone, in violation of the provisions in this Law, infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of teachers, educatees or schools or other educational institutions, thus causing losses or damages, he shall bear civil liabilities according to laws.

第十章 附则

Chapter 10 Supplementary Provisions

第八十四条   军事学校教育由中央军事委员会根据本法的原则规定。

Article 84 Regulations on education in military schools shall be formulated by the Central Military Commission in accordance with the principles of this Law.

宗教学校教育由国务院另行规定。

Regulations on education in religious schools shall be formulated by the State Council separately.

第八十五条   境外的组织和个人在中国境内办学和合作办学的办法，由国务院规定。

Article 85 Measures governing the establishment of schools within the territory of China by organizations or individuals outside China or through their cooperation with organizations or individuals inside China shall be formulated by the State Council.

第八十六条   本法自1995年9月1日起施行。

Article 86 This Law shall go into effect as of September 1, 1995.