中华人民共和国担保法(中英文对照版)

中华人民共和国担保法 Security Law of the Peoples Republic of China

法律文本

中华人民共和国担保法

Security Law of the Peoples Republic of China

主席令第五十号

Order of the President No.50

1995630日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十四次会议通过,1995630日中华人民共和国主席令第50号公布

Adopted at the 14th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on June 30, 1995 and promulgated by Order No. 50 of the President of the People's Republic of China on June 30, 1995

Contents

  第一章

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章

Chapter 2 Warranty

    第一节 保证和保证人

Section 1 Guaranty and Guarantor

    第二节 保证合同和保证方式

Section 2 Contract of Guaranty and Mode of Guaranty

    第三节 保证责任

Section 3 Liability of Guaranty

  第三章

Chapter 3 Mortgage

    第一节 抵押和抵押物

Section 1 Mortgage and Gage

    第二节 抵押合同和抵押物登记

Section 2 Contract of Mortgage and Mortgage Registration

    第三节 抵押的效力

Section 3 Effect of Mortgage

    第四节 抵押权的实现

Section 4 Realization of Mortgage

    第五节 最高额抵押

Section 5 Mortgage of Maximum Amount

  第四章

Chapter 4 Pledge

    第一节 动产质押

Section 1 Pledge of Movables

    第二节 权利质押

Section 2 Pledge of Rights

  第五章

Chapter 5 Lien

  第六章

Chapter 6 Deposit

  第七章

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第一章

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条   为促进资金融通和商品流通,保障债权的实现,发展社会主义市场经济,制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purposes of promoting financing and commodity circulation, ensuring realisation of creditor's rights and developing socialist market economy.

第二条   在借贷、买卖、货物运输、加工承揽等经济活动中,债权人需要以担保方式保障其债权实现的,可以依照本法规定设定担保。

Article 2 In such economic activities as loans, sales, goods transportation and processing, etc., if the creditor needs to secure the realization of his obligatory right, he may establish security in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

本法规定的担保方式为保证、抵押、质押、留置和定金。

The modes of guarantee provided for in this Law shall be guaranty, mortgage, pledge, lien and deposit.

第三条   担保活动应当遵循平等、自愿、公平、诚实信用的原则。

Article 3. Security activities shall abide by the principles of equality, voluntariness, fairness, honesty and trustworthiness.

第四条   第三人为债务人向债权人提供担保时,可以要求债务人提供反担保。

Article 4 A third party that provides a guarantee to the creditor for a debtor may require the debtor to provide a counter-guarantee.

反担保适用本法担保的规定。

The provisions on guarantee of this Law shall be applicable to counter-guarantee.

第五条   担保合同是主合同的从合同,主合同无效,担保合同无效。担保合同另有约定的,按照约定。

Article 5. A security contract is an ancillary contract to the principal contract. If the principal contract is invalid, the security contract is also invalid. Where a guarantee contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

担保合同被确认无效后,债务人、担保人、债权人有过错的,应当根据其过错各自承担相应的民事责任。

Where a security contract is confirmed to be void and the debtor, security provider or creditor is at fault, they shall bear their respective civil liability according to their respective fault.

第二章

Chapter 2 Warranty

第一节 保证和保证人

Section 1 Guaranty and Guarantor

第六条   本法所称保证,是指保证人和债权人约定,当债务人不履行债务时,保证人按照约定履行债务或者承担责任的行为。

Article 6 For the purposes of this Law, the term "guarantee" shall refer to an act whereby a guarantor and a creditor agree that when the debtor fails to perform his obligation, the guarantor shall perform the obligation or bear liability in accordance with the agreement.

第七条   具有代为清偿债务能力的法人、其他组织或者公民,可以作保证人。

Article 7 A guarantor may be a legal person, other organization or a citizen who has ability to discharge debts on behalf of others.

第八条   国家机关不得为保证人,但经国务院批准为使用外国政府或者国际经济组织贷款进行转贷的除外。

Article 8 State organs shall not act as guarantors, except where loans from foreign governments or international economic organisations are used in the form of a sub-loan with the approval of the State Council.

第九条   学校、幼儿园、医院等以公益为目的的事业单位、社会团体不得为保证人。

Article 9 Institutions and social organizations for the public good such as schools, kindergartens, hospitals, etc. may not act as guarantors.

第十条   企业法人的分支机构、职能部门不得为保证人。

Article 10 Branches and functional divisions of enterprise legal persons may not act as guarantors.

企业法人的分支机构有法人书面授权的,可以在授权范围内提供保证。

A branch of an enterprise legal person which is authorised by the legal person in writing may provide a guarantee within the authorised scope.

第十一条   任何单位和个人不得强令银行等金融机构或者企业为他人提供保证;银行等金融机构或者企业对强令其为他人提供保证的行为,有权拒绝。

Article 11 No organisation or individual shall coerce a financial institution such as a bank or an enterprise to provide a guarantee for others; a financial institution such as a bank or an enterprise shall have the right to refuse to provide a guarantee for others.

第十二条   同一债务有两个以上保证人的,保证人应当按照保证合同约定的保证份额,承担保证责任。没有约定保证份额的,保证人承担连带责任,债权人可以要求任何一个保证人承担全部保证责任,保证人都负有担保全部债权实现的义务。已经承担保证责任的保证人,有权向债务人追偿,或者要求承担连带责任的其他保证人清偿其应当承担的份额。

Article 12 Where there are two or more guarantors for the same obligation, the guarantors shall, according to their respective shares of guaranty as stipulated in the guaranty contract, bear guaranty liability. In the absence of an agreement on the guaranty shares, the guarantors shall bear the joint liability. The creditor may demand any of the guarantors to bear the entire guaranty liability, and any of the guarantors shall bear the obligation to guarantee the entire realization of the obligatory right. The guarantor who has borne the guaranty liability shall be entitled to claim repayment from the debtor, or to demand other guarantors bearing the joint liability to satisfy him their shares that they shall bear.

第二节 保证合同和保证方式

Section 2 Contract of Guaranty and Mode of Guaranty

第十三条   保证人与债权人应当以书面形式订立保证合同。

Article 13. A guarantor and the creditor shall enter into a guarantee contract in writing.

第十四条   保证人与债权人可以就单个主合同分别订立保证合同,也可以协议在最高债权额限度内就一定期间连续发生的借款合同或者某项商品交易合同订立一个保证合同。

Article 14. A guarantor and the creditor may enter a separate guarantee contract for a single principal contract, or agree to enter a single guarantee contract for a series of loan contracts or transaction contracts for a certain commodity within a maximum obligation amount over a certain period of time.

第十五条   保证合同应当包括以下内容:

Article 15 A guarantee contract shall include the following contents:

(一)被保证的主债权种类、数额;

1. the type and amount of the principal obligation guaranteed;

(二)债务人履行债务的期限;

(II) the time limit for performance of the obligation by the debtor;

(三)保证的方式;

3. The form of guarantee;

(四)保证担保的范围;

(IV) The scope of guarantee;

(五)保证的期间;

(V) Term of guarantee;

(六)双方认为需要约定的其他事项。

(VI) other matters which the parties consider necessary to agree upon.

保证合同不完全具备前款规定内容的,可以补正。

If a guaranty contract has the contents prescribed in the proceeding paragraph incomplete, it may be supplemented.

第十六条   保证的方式有:

Article 16 The means of guarantee is:

(一)一般保证;

1. general guarantee;

(二)连带责任保证。

(II) guarantee with joint and several liability.

第十七条   当事人在保证合同中约定,债务人不能履行债务时,由保证人承担保证责任的,为一般保证。

Article 17 A general guarantee is a guarantee whereby the parties agree in a guarantee contract that the guarantor shall bear guarantee liability when the debtor fails to perform his obligation.

一般保证的保证人在主合同纠纷未经审判或者仲裁,并就债务人财产依法强制执行仍不能履行债务前,对债权人可以拒绝承担保证责任。

The guarantor under a general guarantee may refuse to assume guarantee liability in respect of the creditor before a dispute concerning the principal contract has been adjudicated or arbitrated and when the debtor remains incapable of performing his obligation despite an enforcement order against his property according to the law.

有下列情形之一的,保证人不得行使前款规定的权利:

The guarantor may not exercise the right mentioned in the preceding paragraph in any of the following circumstances:

(一)债务人住所变更,致使债权人要求其履行债务发生重大困难的;

1. the change of the debtor's domicile has made it difficult for the creditor to require the debtor to perform the debt;

(二)人民法院受理债务人破产案件,中止执行程序的;

(II) the people's court accepting the debtor's bankruptcy case and suspending the enforcement procedure; and

(三)保证人以书面形式放弃前款规定的权利的。

(III) the guarantor has waived in writing the right stipulated in the preceding paragraph.

第十八条   当事人在保证合同中约定保证人与债务人对债务承担连带责任的,为连带责任保证。

Article 18 A guarantee with joint and several liability is a guarantee whereby the parties agree in a guarantee contract that the guarantor and the debtor are jointly and severally liable for the obligation.

连带责任保证的债务人在主合同规定的债务履行期届满没有履行债务的,债权人可以要求债务人履行债务,也可以要求保证人在其保证范围内承担保证责任。

If the debtor under a joint and several guarantee fails to fulfill his debt upon the expiration of the term for performance stipulated in the principal contract, the creditor may require the debtor to fulfill his debt or require the guarantor to assume guarantee liability within the scope of guarantee.

第十九条   当事人对保证方式没有约定或者约定不明确的,按照连带责任保证承担保证责任。

Article 19 Where the parties have not agreed on the guarantee form or the agreement is unclear, guarantee liability shall be borne as per joint liability guarantee.

第二十条   一般保证和连带责任保证的保证人享有债务人的抗辩权。债务人放弃对债务的抗辩权的,保证人仍有权抗辩。

Article 20 The surety of a general suretyship or a suretyship of joint and several liability shall enjoy the debtor's right of defense. If the debtor waives the right of counterplea, the guarantor still has the right of counterplea.

抗辩权是指债权人行使债权时,债务人根据法定事由,对抗债权人行使请求权的权利。

The term "right of defense" shall refer to the right of a debtor to exercise a claim against a creditor with a legal cause when the creditor exercises his rights as a creditor.

第三节 保证责任

Section 3 Liability of Guaranty

第二十一条   保证担保的范围包括主债权及利息、违约金、损害赔偿金和实现债权的费用。保证合同另有约定的,按照约定。

Article 21. The scope of the guarantee includes the principal debt and interest, fines for default, compensation for loss and expenses incurred in meeting the creditor's claim. Where the guarantee contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

当事人对保证担保的范围没有约定或者约定不明确的,保证人应当对全部债务承担责任。

Where the parties have not agreed on the scope of the guarantee by means of a guarantee or the agreement is unclear, the guarantor shall be liable for the entire obligation.

第二十二条   保证期间,债权人依法将主债权转让给第三人的,保证人在原保证担保的范围内继续承担保证责任。保证合同另有约定的,按照约定。

Article 22. If the creditor legally assigns the principal claim to a third party during the guarantee term, the guarantor shall continue to bear guarantee liability within the scope of the original guarantee. Where the guarantee contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

第二十三条   保证期间,债权人许可债务人转让债务的,应当取得保证人书面同意,保证人对未经其同意转让的债务,不再承担保证责任。

Article 23 During the period of guaranty, if the creditor allows the debtor to assign the debt, he shall get the written consent from the guarantor, the guarantor bears no guaranty liability for the debt assigned without his consent.

第二十四条   债权人与债务人协议变更主合同的,应当取得保证人书面同意,未经保证人书面同意的,保证人不再承担保证责任。保证合同另有约定的,按照约定。

Article 24 When a creditor and a debtor agree to alter the principal contract, they shall obtain written consent from the guarantor. The guarantor shall no longer bear guarantee liability where he has not given his written consent. Where the guarantee contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

第二十五条   一般保证的保证人与债权人未约定保证期间的,保证期间为主债务履行期届满之日起六个月。

Article 25. If the guarantor and creditor have not agreed on a guarantee term, the guarantee term shall be six months from the date of expiration of the term for performance of the principal obligation.

在合同约定的保证期间和前款规定的保证期间,债权人未对债务人提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的,保证人免除保证责任;债权人已提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的,保证期间适用诉讼时效中断的规定。

If, within the duration of the guarantee as stipulated in the guarantee contract or as prescribed in the previous paragraph, the creditor fails to file a suit or to apply for arbitration against the debtor, the guarantor shall be relieved of his guarantee liability. If the creditor has filed a suit or commenced arbitration, the rules discontinuing the operation of the limitation period shall apply to the guarantee period.

第二十六条   连带责任保证的保证人与债权人未约定保证期间的,债权人有权自主债务履行期届满之日起六个月内要求保证人承担保证责任。

Article 26. If no agreement as to the duration of the guarantee has been made between a guarantor and a creditor in a joint guarantee liability, the creditor, within six months of the expiry of the term for performance of the principal obligation, shall have the right to demand that the guarantor assume guarantee liability.

在合同约定的保证期间和前款规定的保证期间,债权人未要求保证人承担保证责任的,保证人免除保证责任。

Where the creditor fails to require the guarantor to bear his guarantee liability during the term of guarantee agreed in the contract or during the term of guarantee prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the guarantor shall be exempted from his guarantee liability.

第二十七条   保证人依照本法第十四条规定就连续发生的债权作保证,未约定保证期间的,保证人可以随时书面通知债权人终止保证合同,但保证人对于通知到债权人前所发生的债权,承担保证责任。

Article 27. Where a guarantor guarantees a series of obligations in accordance with the provisions of Article 14 of this Law and no agreement has been made as to the duration of the guarantee, the guarantor may at any time notify the creditor in writing of the termination of the guarantee contract. However, the guarantor shall bear guarantee liability for the obligations that occurred before the creditor was notified.

第二十八条   同一债权既有保证又有物的担保的,保证人对物的担保以外的债权承担保证责任。

Article 28 Where an obligation is secured by both a guarantee and property, the guarantor shall be liable for the obligation that is not secured by property.

债权人放弃物的担保的,保证人在债权人放弃权利的范围内免除保证责任。

Where the creditor waives the guarantee of property, the guarantor shall be exempted from guarantee liability for the rights waived by the creditor.

第二十九条   企业法人的分支机构未经法人书面授权或者超出授权范围与债权人订立保证合同的,该合同无效或者超出授权范围的部分无效,债权人和企业法人有过错的,应当根据其过错各自承担相应的民事责任;债权人无过错的,由企业法人承担民事责任。

Article 29. If a branch of an enterprise legal person enters into a guarantee contract with a creditor without the written authorisation of the enterprise legal person or exceeds the scope of the authorisation, the contract shall be invalid or that portion of the contract which exceeds the authorisation shall be invalid. If the creditor and the enterprise legal person are at fault, they shall bear their respective civil liability according to their respective fault. If the creditor is not at fault, civil liability shall be borne by the enterprise legal person.

第三十条   有下列情形之一的,保证人不承担民事责任:

Article 30 A guarantor shall not bear civil liability in any of the following circumstances:

(一)主合同当事人双方串通,骗取保证人提供保证的;

1. the parties to the principal contract collude to defraud the guarantor of his guarantee;

(二)主合同债权人采取欺诈、胁迫等手段,使保证人在违背真实意思的情况下提供保证的。

(II) the creditor under a principal contract has caused the guarantor to provide a guaranty against his will by means of fraud, intimidation or other means.

第三十一条   保证人承担保证责任后,有权向债务人追偿。

Article 31 After a guarantor has borne his guarantee liability, he shall be entitled to claim repayment from the debtor.

第三十二条   人民法院受理债务人破产案件后,债权人未申报债权的,保证人可以参加破产财产分配,预先行使追偿权。

Article 32 After the people's court accepts a debtor's bankruptcy case, if the creditor does not declare his claims, the guarantor may take part in the distribution of the bankruptcy property and exercise his right of recourse in advance.

第三章

Chapter 3 Mortgage

第一节 抵押和抵押物

Section 1 Mortgage and Gage

第三十三条   本法所称抵押,是指债务人或者第三人不转移对本法第三十四条所列财产的占有,将该财产作为债权的担保。债务人不履行债务时,债权人有权依照本法规定以该财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该财产的价款优先受偿。

Article 33 For the purposes of this Law, the term "mortgage" shall refer to a guarantee whereby a debtor or a third party uses property as listed in Article 34 hereof as a guarantee for an obligation without transferring the possession of such property. When the debtor fails to perform his obligation, the creditor shall be entitled to priority in receiving payment by converting the property into value or in receiving proceeds from the auction or sale of the property, in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

前款规定的债务人或者第三人为抵押人,债权人为抵押权人,提供担保的财产为抵押物。

The debtor or third party referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the mortgagor; the creditor shall be the mortgagee and the property provided as a guarantee shall be the mortgaged property.

第三十四条   下列财产可以抵押:

Article 34 The following properties may be mortgaged:

(一)抵押人所有的房屋和其他地上定着物;

1. premises and other attachments to land owned by the mortgagor;

(二)抵押人所有的机器、交通运输工具和其他财产;

2. machines, transportation vehicles and other property owned by the mortgagor;

(三)抵押人依法有权处分的国有的土地使用权、房屋和其他地上定着物;

(III) State-owned leaseholds, premises and other attachments to land of which the mortgagor has the right to dispose of according to the law;

(四)抵押人依法有权处分的国有的机器、交通运输工具和其他财产;

4. state-owned machines, transportation vehicles and other property which the mortgagor is entitled to dispose of in accordance with the law; and

(五)抵押人依法承包并经发包方同意抵押的荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩等荒地的土地使用权;

(V) the right to the use of land on the unreclaimed land such as barren hills, waste valleys, barren hillocks or unreclaimed beaches which is contracted for management by the mortgagor in accordance with law and upon the consent for mortgage by the contractee; or

(六)依法可以抵押的其他财产。

(VI) other property which may be mortgaged in accordance with the law.

抵押人可以将前款所列财产一并抵押。

A mortgagor may mortgage the properties listed in the preceding paragraph together.

第三十五条   抵押人所担保的债权不得超出其抵押物的价值。

Article 35 The guaranteed credit shall not exceed the value of the guaranty.

财产抵押后,该财产的价值大于所担保债权的余额部分,可以再次抵押,但不得超出其余额部分。

After property has been mortgaged, that portion of the value of the property which is in excess of the debt secured may be the subject of a further mortgage. However, this portion of the mortgage must not exceed the value of the claim.

第三十六条   以依法取得的国有土地上的房屋抵押的,该房屋占用范围内的国有土地使用权同时抵押。

Article 36. Where legally acquired buildings on State-owned land are mortgaged, the land use rights pertaining to the land shall be mortgaged at the same time.

以出让方式取得的国有土地使用权抵押的,应当将抵押时该国有土地上的房屋同时抵押。

Where State-owned leaseholds acquired by means of grant are mortgaged, the premises on such State-owned land at the time of mortgage shall be mortgaged at the same time.

乡(镇)、村企业的土地使用权不得单独抵押。以乡(镇)、村企业的厂房等建筑物抵押的,其占用范围内的土地使用权同时抵押。

Land use rights pertaining to township and village enterprises shall not be mortgaged individually. Where a building such as a factory of a township or village enterprise is mortgaged, the land use rights pertaining to the area of land occupied by the building shall be mortgaged at the same time.

第三十七条   下列财产不得抵押:

Article 37 The following properties may not be mortgaged:

(一)土地所有权;

1. the ownership of land;

(二)耕地、宅基地、自留地、自留山等集体所有的土地使用权,但本法第三十四条第(五)项、第三十六条第三款规定的除外;

(II) the right to the use of such collectively-owned land as cultivated land, house sites, land and hilly land allotted for private use, etc. except for those as provided for in Item 5 of Article 34 and the third paragraph of Article 36 of this Law;

(三)学校、幼儿园、医院等以公益为目的的事业单位、社会团体的教育设施、医疗卫生设施和其他社会公益设施;

(III) educational, medical and other public welfare facilities of institutions and social groups with the aim of benefiting the public such as schools, kindergartens, hospitals, etc.;

(四)所有权、使用权不明或者有争议的财产;

(IV) properties with unclear or controversial ownership or use rights;

(五)依法被查封、扣押、监管的财产;

(V) properties legally confiscated, seized or controlled; or

(六)依法不得抵押的其他财产。

(VI) other property which may not be mortgaged in accordance with the law.

第二节 抵押合同和抵押物登记

Section 2 Contract of Mortgage and Mortgage Registration

第三十八条   抵押人和抵押权人应当以书面形式订立抵押合同。

Article 38 A mortgagor and a mortgagee shall enter into a written mortgage contract.

第三十九条   抵押合同应当包括以下内容:

Article 39 A mortgage contract shall include the following contents:

(一)被担保的主债权种类、数额;

1. the type and amount of the principal obligation secured;

(二)债务人履行债务的期限;

(II) the time limit for performance of the obligation by the debtor;

(三)抵押物的名称、数量、质量、状况、所在地、所有权权属或者使用权权属;

(III) the name, quantity, quality, condition, location, ownership or the use right of the gage;

(四)抵押担保的范围;

(IV) the extent guaranteed by the mortgage; and

(五)当事人认为需要约定的其他事项。

(V) other items which the parties consider necessary to agree.

抵押合同不完全具备前款规定内容的,可以补正。

If a mortgage contract has the contents prescribed in the proceeding paragraph incomplete, it may be supplemented.

第四十条   订立抵押合同时,抵押权人和抵押人在合同中不得约定在债务履行期届满抵押权人未受清偿时,抵押物的所有权转移为债权人所有。

Article 40 When concluding a mortgage contract, the mortgagor and the mortgagee may not stipulate that the ownership of the mortgaged property shall be transferred to the creditor when the mortgagee's claim is not satisfied at the expiration of the term for performance of the obligation.

第四十一条   当事人以本法第四十二条规定的财产抵押的,应当办理抵押物登记,抵押合同自登记之日起生效。

Article 41. Where parties mortgage property stipulated in Article 42 of this Law, mortgage registration must be handled. The mortgage contract will take effect from the date of registration.

第四十二条   办理抵押物登记的部门如下:

Article 42 The authorities for guaranty registration are as follows:

(一)以无地上定着物的土地使用权抵押的,为核发土地使用权证书的土地管理部门;

1. the land administration authority that verifies and issues leaseholds certificates where leaseholds to land with no attachments are mortgaged;

(二)以城市房地产或者乡(镇)、村企业的厂房等建筑物抵押的,为县级以上地方人民政府规定的部门;

2. the authority designated by the local People's Government at or above county level where urban real estate or buildings of enterprises in townships (towns) or villages such as factory buildings are mortgaged;

(三)以林木抵押的,为县级以上林木主管部门;

3. the forestry administration authority at or above county level where woods are mortgaged;

(四)以航空器、船舶、车辆抵押的,为运输工具的登记部门;

(IV) in case that aircraft, ships or vehicles are to be mortgaged, it shall be the registration departments for transportation vehicles; or

(五)以企业的设备和其他动产抵押的,为财产所在地的工商行政管理部门。

5. in case that the equipment or other movables of a enterprise are to be mortgaged, it shall be the administrations of industry and commerce where the properties are located.

第四十三条   当事人以其他财产抵押的,可以自愿办理抵押物登记,抵押合同自签订之日起生效。

Article 43. Where other types of property are mortgaged, the parties concerned may voluntarily register the mortgaged property. The mortgage contract will take effect from the date of signing.

当事人未办理抵押物登记的,不得对抗第三人。当事人办理抵押物登记的,登记部门为抵押人所在地的公证部门。

The parties that fail to register the mortgaged property may not counterwork against third parties. If the parties register such mortgaged property, the registration shall be administered by local public notaries.

第四十四条   办理抵押物登记,应当向登记部门提供下列文件或者其复印件:

Article 44 The following documents or their duplicates shall be submitted to the registry for mortgaged property registration:

(一)主合同和抵押合同;

1. principal contract and mortgage contract;

(二)抵押物的所有权或者使用权证书。

(II) Ownership or use right certificate of the mortgaged property.

第四十五条   登记部门登记的资料,应当允许查阅、抄录或者复印。

Article 45 The information registered with the registration department shall be allowed to be consulted, copied or duplicated.

第三节 抵押的效力

Section 3 Effect of Mortgage

第四十六条   抵押担保的范围包括主债权及利息、违约金、损害赔偿金和实现抵押权的费用。抵押合同另有约定的,按照约定。

Article 46 The scope of guarantee by means of a mortgage shall cover the principal obligation, interest, liquidated damages, compensatory damages and expenses for realization of mortgage rights. Where a mortgage contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

第四十七条   债务履行期届满,债务人不履行债务致使抵押物被人民法院依法扣押的,自扣押之日起抵押权人有权收取由抵押物分离的天然孳息以及抵押人就抵押物可以收取的法定孳息。抵押权人未将扣押抵押物的事实通知应当清偿法定孳息的义务人的,抵押权的效力不及于该孳息。

Article 47 Where a mortgaged property is seized by a People's Court due to the debtor's failure to perform his obligation at the expiration of the term for such performance, the mortgagee shall, from the date of seizure, be entitled to the natural fruits separated from the mortgaged property as well as the statutory fruits that may be obtained by the mortgagor from the mortgaged property. Where the mortgagee fails to notify the person bearing the obligation to pay the statutory fruits of such seizure, the effect of the mortgage shall not be extended to cover such fruits.

前款孳息应当先充抵收取孳息的费用。

The fruits mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall first be set off against the expenses incurred in the collection of the fruits.

第四十八条   抵押人将已出租的财产抵押的,应当书面告知承租人,原租赁合同继续有效。

Article 48 If a mortgagor mortgages leased property, he shall notify the lessee of the fact in writing and the original lease contract shall continue in effect.

第四十九条   抵押期间,抵押人转让已办理登记的抵押物的,应当通知抵押权人并告知受让人转让物已经抵押的情况;抵押人未通知抵押权人或者未告知受让人的,转让行为无效。

Article 49 During the period of mortgage, if the mortgagor assigns the gage registered, he shall inform the mortgagee and also notify the assignee of the mortgage; if the mortgagor fails to inform the mortgagee or notify the assignee, the assignment is invalid.

转让抵押物的价款明显低于其价值的,抵押权人可以要求抵押人提供相应的担保;抵押人不提供的,不得转让抵押物。

Where proceeds from the assignment of the mortgaged property are clearly less than the value of such mortgaged property, the mortgagee may require the mortgagor to provide a corresponding security. Where the mortgagor fails to provide such a security, the mortgaged property may not be assigned.

抵押人转让抵押物所得的价款,应当向抵押权人提前清偿所担保的债权或者向与抵押权人约定的第三人提存。超过债权数额的部分,归抵押人所有,不足部分由债务人清偿。

Proceeds obtained by the mortgagor from the transfer of the mortgaged property shall be paid to the mortgagee as advance fulfillment of the obligation secured or be deposited with a third party agreed with the mortgagee. Any portion in excess of the amount of the obligation shall be owned by the mortgagor and any shortfall shall be paid by the debtor.

第五十条   抵押权不得与债权分离而单独转让或者作为其他债权的担保。

Article 50 Mortgage interests must not be separated from creditors' rights and individually transferred, or used to secure other creditors' rights.

第五十一条   抵押人的行为足以使抵押物价值减少的,抵押权人有权要求抵押人停止其行为。抵押物价值减少时,抵押权人有权要求抵押人恢复抵押物的价值,或者提供与减少的价值相当的担保。

Article 51 Where any act of a mortgagor is sufficient to cause a reduction in value of the mortgaged property, the mortgagee has the right to demand that the mortgagor cease such act. When the value of the gage decreases, the mortgagee shall be entitled to have right to demand the mortgagor to restore the value of the gage, or offer a guarantee equivalent to the value decreased.

抵押人对抵押物价值减少无过错的,抵押权人只能在抵押人因损害而得到的赔偿范围内要求提供担保。抵押物价值未减少的部分,仍作为债权的担保。

Where the mortgagor is not at fault in the diminishment of value of the mortgaged property, the mortgagee may only require the mortgagor to provide a security to the extent of the compensation received for the damage. The portion of the mortgaged property that has not diminished in value shall remain as security for the obligation.

第五十二条   抵押权与其担保的债权同时存在,债权消灭的,抵押权也消灭。

Article 52 The mortgage shall exist simultaneously with the obligatory right it guarantees, where the obligatory right is extinct, the mortgage shall be extinct as well.

第四节 抵押权的实现

Section 4 Realization of Mortgage

第五十三条   债务履行期届满抵押权人未受清偿的,可以与抵押人协议以抵押物折价或者以拍卖、变卖该抵押物所得的价款受偿;协议不成的,抵押权人可以向人民法院提起诉讼。

Article 53 Where a mortgagee has not received full payment at the maturity of the obligation, he may agree with the mortgagor to receive payment by converting the mortgaged property into value or receiving proceeds from the auction or sale of the mortgaged property.

抵押物折价或者拍卖、变卖后,其价款超过债权数额的部分归抵押人所有,不足部分由债务人清偿。

After the mortgaged property has been converted into value or auctioned or sold off, any portion of the proceeds that exceeds the amount of the obligation shall be owned by the mortgagor and any shortfall shall be paid by the debtor.

第五十四条   同一财产向两个以上债权人抵押的,拍卖、变卖抵押物所得的价款按照以下规定清偿:

Article 54 Where the same property is mortgaged to two or more creditors, the proceeds from the auction or sale of the mortgaged property shall be used for liquidation in accordance with the following provisions:

(一)抵押合同以登记生效的,按照抵押物登记的先后顺序清偿;顺序相同的,按照债权比例清偿;

1. where a mortgage contract becomes effective upon registration, payment shall be made according to the registration sequence of the mortgaged property; in case of same sequence, payment shall be made according to the proportion of obligee's rights; and

(二)抵押合同自签订之日起生效的,该抵押物已登记的,按照本条第(一)项规定清偿;未登记的,按照合同生效时间的先后顺序清偿,顺序相同的,按照债权比例清偿。抵押物已登记的先于未登记的受偿。

(II) Where a mortgage contract becomes effective on the date of signing and the mortgaged property has already been registered, payment shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Item 1 of this Article; where the mortgaged property has not been registered, payment shall be made according to the chronological order of the effective date of the contracts; in case of same chronological order, payment shall be made according to the proportion of obligee's rights. Registered mortgage contracts shall have priority over those not registered.

第五十五条   城市房地产抵押合同签订后,土地上新增的房屋不属于抵押物。需要拍卖该抵押的房地产时,可以依法将该土地上新增的房屋与抵押物一同拍卖,但对拍卖新增房屋所得,抵押权人无权优先受偿。

Article 55 After a mortgage contract for urban real estate has been concluded, newly-built houses on the land shall not be regarded as the mortgaged property. If the mortgaged real estate needs to be sold by auction, the newly-built houses on the land may be auctioned off according to law together with the mortgaged property. However, the mortgagee shall not have the priority in compensation with respect to the funds obtained from auction of the newly-built houses.

依照本法规定以承包的荒地的土地使用权抵押的,或者以乡(镇)、村企业的厂房等建筑物占用范围内的土地使用权抵押的,在实现抵押权后,未经法定程序不得改变土地集体所有和土地用途。

Where the right to the use of land of the unreclaimed land contracted for management according to this Law is to be mortgaged, or the right to the use of the land within the extent occupied by the buildings of the township (town) or village enterprises such as a plant is to be mortgaged, after the realization of mortgage, the collective ownership and purpose of the land shall not be changed without the legal procedure is gone through.

第五十六条   拍卖划拨的国有土地使用权所得的价款,在依法缴纳相当于应缴纳的土地使用权出让金的款额后,抵押权人有优先受偿权。

Article 56 The mortgagee shall be entitled to the priority of having his claim satisfied with the proceeds from the auction of the right to the use of the State-owned land appropriated, after paying an amount equivalent to that for the grant of the land use right which should be paid according to law.

第五十七条   为债务人抵押担保的第三人,在抵押权人实现抵押权后,有权向债务人追偿。

Article 57 A third party that provides a guarantee of mortgage for a debtor shall have the right of recourse against the debtor after realization of the mortgage rights by the mortgagee.

第五十八条   抵押权因抵押物灭失而消灭。因灭失所得的赔偿金,应当作为抵押财产。

Article 58 A mortgage is annulled by destruction of the mortgaged property. Compensation obtained for such loss shall serve as mortgaged property.

第五节 最高额抵押

Section 5 Mortgage of Maximum Amount

第五十九条   本法所称最高额抵押,是指抵押人与抵押权人协议,在最高债权额限度内,以抵押物对一定期间内连续发生的债权作担保。

Article 59 For the purposes of this Law, the term "mortgage up to a maximum amount" shall refer to an arrangement under which the mortgagor and the mortgagee agree to use mortgaged property to secure a series of obligations over a specified period up to a maximum obligation amount.

第六十条   借款合同可以附最高额抵押合同。

Article 60 A loan contract may be attached with a mortgage contract of maximum amount.

债权人与债务人就某项商品在一定期间内连续发生交易而签订的合同,可以附最高额抵押合同。

A contract of mortgage up to a maximum amount may be attached to a contract between a creditor and a debtor for a series of transactions relating to a certain commodity over a certain period of time.

第六十一条   最高额抵押的主合同债权不得转让。

Article 61 The creditor's right to the principal contract secured by a mortgage of maximum amount may not be transferred.

第六十二条   最高额抵押除适用本节规定外,适用本章其他规定。

Article 62 The provisions of this section plus other provisions of this Chapter shall apply to mortgage of maximum amount.

第四章

Chapter 4 Pledge

第一节 动产质押

Section 1 Pledge of Movables

第六十三条   本法所称动产质押,是指债务人或者第三人将其动产移交债权人占有,将该动产作为债权的担保。债务人不履行债务时,债权人有权依照本法规定以该动产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该动产的价款优先受偿。

Article 63 For the purposes of this Law, the term "pledge" shall refer to a security whereby a debtor or a third party uses movable property transferred to the possession of the creditor as security for an obligation. When the debtor fails to perform his obligation, the creditor shall be entitled to priority in receiving payment by converting the movable into value or proceeds from the auction or sale of such movable in accordance with this Law.

前款规定的债务人或者第三人为出质人,债权人为质权人,移交的动产为质物。

The debtor or third party referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the pledgor; the creditor shall be the pledgee and the movable transferred shall be the pledged property.

第六十四条   出质人和质权人应当以书面形式订立质押合同。

Article 64 A pledgor and a pledgee shall enter into a pledge contract in writing.

质押合同自质物移交于质权人占有时生效。

Pledge contract shall become effective upon the delivery of the pledged property to the possession of the pledgee.

第六十五条   质押合同应当包括以下内容:

Article 65 A pledge contract shall include the following contents:

(一)被担保的主债权种类、数额;

1. the type and amount of the principal obligation secured;

(二)债务人履行债务的期限;

(II) the time limit for performance of the obligation by the debtor;

(三)质物的名称、数量、质量、状况;

(III) the name, quantity, quality and condition of the pledged property;

(四)质押担保的范围;

(IV) the scope of the guarantee;

(五)质物移交的时间;

(V) the time of transferring the pledged property; and

(六)当事人认为需要约定的其他事项。

(VI) other items which the parties consider necessary to agree.

质押合同不完全具备前款规定内容的,可以补正。

A pledge contract which does not include all of the contents stipulated in the preceding paragraph may be supplemented.

第六十六条   出质人和质权人在合同中不得约定在债务履行期届满质权人未受清偿时,质物的所有权转移为质权人所有。

Article 66 The pledgor and the pledgee may not agree in the contract that the ownership of the pledged property shall be transferred to the pledgee when the pledgee is not paid at the expiration of the term for performance of the debt.

第六十七条   质押担保的范围包括主债权及利息、违约金、损害赔偿金、质物保管费用和实现质权的费用。质押合同另有约定的,按照约定。

Article 67 The scope of guaranty of pledge includes the principal claim and the interest thereof, default fine, the compensation for damage, the storage charges and the cost of enforcing the right of the pledge. Where a pledge contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

第六十八条   质权人有权收取质物所生的孳息。质押合同另有约定的,按照约定。

Article 68 The pledgee shall be entitled to collect the fruits derived from the pledged property. Where a pledge contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

前款孳息应当先充抵收取孳息的费用。

The fruits mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall first be set off against the expenses incurred in the collection of the fruits.

第六十九条   质权人负有妥善保管质物的义务。因保管不善致使质物灭失或者毁损的,质权人应当承担民事责任。

Article 69. The pledgee shall have the obligation to take due care of the pledged property. The pledgee shall be civilly liable for loss of or damage to the pledged property resulting from lack of due care.

质权人不能妥善保管质物可能致使其灭失或者毁损的,出质人可以要求质权人将质物提存,或者要求提前清偿债权而返还质物。

Where the pledgee is unable to maintain the pledged property in good condition and may thus cause loss or destruction of or damage to the pledged property, the pledgor may demand that the pledgee have the pledged property deposited, or demand that his obligation be discharged in advance and the pledged property returned.

第七十条   质物有损坏或者价值明显减少的可能,足以危害质权人权利的,质权人可以要求出质人提供相应的担保。出质人不提供的,质权人可以拍卖或者变卖质物,并与出质人协议将拍卖或者变卖所得的价款用于提前清偿所担保的债权或者向与出质人约定的第三人提存。

Article 70 Where there is a possibility of damage to or obvious reduction in the value of the pledged property that is detrimental to the rights of the pledgee, the pledgee may require the pledgor to provide a corresponding security. Where the pledgor fails to do so, the pledgee may auction or sell the pledged property and agree with the pledgor to use the proceeds therefrom for early fulfillment of the obligation secured or for deposit with a third party agreed with the pledgor.

第七十一条   债务履行期届满债务人履行债务的,或者出质人提前清偿所担保的债权的,质权人应当返还质物。

Article 71 Where a debtor performs his obligation at the expiration of the term for performance thereof or a pledgor fulfills his obligation secured ahead of schedule, the pledgee shall return pledged property.

债务履行期届满质权人未受清偿的,可以与出质人协议以质物折价,也可以依法拍卖、变卖质物。

Where the pledgee has not received full payment at the expiration of the term for performance of the obligation, he may agree with the pledgor to convert the pledged property into value or may auction or sell off the pledged property according to law.

质物折价或者拍卖、变卖后,其价款超过债权数额的部分归出质人所有,不足部分由债务人清偿。

After pledged property has been converted into value or auctioned or sold, any portion of the proceeds that exceeds the amount of the obligation shall be owned by the pledgor and any shortfall shall be paid by the debtor.

第七十二条   为债务人质押担保的第三人,在质权人实现质权后,有权向债务人追偿。

Article 72 A third party who provides a guarantee by means of pledge for a debtor shall have recourse against the debtor after realisation of the pledge by the pledgee.

第七十三条   质权因质物灭失而消灭。因灭失所得的赔偿金,应当作为出质财产。

Article 73 The right of pledge shall lapse due to loss or destruction of the pledged property. Compensation obtained for such loss shall serve as pledged property.

第七十四条   质权与其担保的债权同时存在,债权消灭的,质权也消灭。

Article 74 The right of pledge shall co-exist with the creditor's right secured. Where the creditor's right lapses, the right of pledge shall also lapse.

第二节 权利质押

Section 2 Pledge of Rights

第七十五条   下列权利可以质押:

Article 75 The following rights may be pledged:

(一)汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提单;

1. bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes, bonds, certificates of deposit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading;

(二)依法可以转让的股份、股票;

2. shares and stocks which may be transferred in accordance with the law;

(三)依法可以转让的商标专用权,专利权、著作权中的财产权;

(III) exclusive rights to use trademarks, property rights among patent rights and copyrights that are transferable according to law;

(四)依法可以质押的其他权利。

(IV) other rights which may be pledged according to law.

第七十六条   以汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提单出质的,应当在合同约定的期限内将权利凭证交付质权人。质押合同自权利凭证交付之日起生效。

Article 76 Where a bill of exchange, cheque, promissory note, bond, deposit receipt, warehouse receipt or bill of lading is pledged, the document of title shall be delivered to the pledgee within the time limit agreed upon in the pledge contract. The pledge contract shall become effective upon the delivery of the document of title.

第七十七条   以载明兑现或者提货日期的汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提单出质的,汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提单兑现或者提货日期先于债务履行期的,质权人可以在债务履行期届满前兑现或者提货,并与出质人协议将兑现的价款或者提取的货物用于提前清偿所担保的债权或者向与出质人约定的第三人提存。

Article 77 Where a bill of exchange, cheque, promissory note, bond, certificate of deposit, warehouse receipt or bill of lading, which carries the date of encashment or the date of delivery of goods, is pledged and if the date on which the bill of exchange, cheque, promissory note, bond, certificate of deposit, warehouse receipt or bill of lading is encashment or the date of delivery of goods is earlier than the date on which the debt remains due, the pledgee may encash or take delivery of the goods before the date on which the debt remains due, and conclude an agreement with the pledgor that the encashment or the goods taken delivery of be used to satisfy in advance the debt secured or be deposited with a third party as agreed upon with the pledgor.

第七十八条   以依法可以转让的股票出质的,出质人与质权人应当订立书面合同,并向证券登记机构办理出质登记。质押合同自登记之日起生效。

Article 78. Where legally transferable share certificates are pledged, the pledgor and the pledgee shall enter into a written pledge contract and register the pledge with the securities registration authorities. The pledge contract shall become effective on the date of the registration./The pledge contract shall become effective upon registration

股票出质后,不得转让,但经出质人与质权人协商同意的可以转让。出质人转让股票所得的价款应当向质权人提前清偿所担保的债权或者向与质权人约定的第三人提存。

The certificates of stocks pledged may not be transferred, unless agreed between the pledger and the pledgee. The proceeds obtained by the pledgor from the transfer of the shares shall be used for early fulfillment of the secured obligation to the pledgee or deposited with a third party agreed with the pledgee.

以有限责任公司的股份出质的,适用公司法股份转让的有关规定。质押合同自股份出质记载于股东名册之日起生效。

The pledge of shares of a limited liability company shall be governed by the relevant provisions of the Company Law on the transfer of shares. The pledge contract shall become effective on the date on which the pledge of shares is written into the shareholders' name-list.

第七十九条   以依法可以转让的商标专用权,专利权、著作权中的财产权出质的,出质人与质权人应当订立书面合同,并向其管理部门办理出质登记。质押合同自登记之日起生效。

Article 79 In case of a pledge of a trademark, patent or copyright among property rights that are transferable according to law, the pledgor and the pledgee shall conclude a written contract and register the pledge with the authorities for the administration of such trademark, patent or copyright. The pledge contract shall become effective on the date of the registration./The pledge contract shall become effective upon registration

第八十条   本法第七十九条规定的权利出质后,出质人不得转让或者许可他人使用,但经出质人与质权人协商同意的可以转让或者许可他人使用。出质人所得的转让费、许可费应当向质权人提前清偿所担保的债权或者向与质权人约定的第三人提存。

Article 80 After the rights specified in Article 79 hereof have been pledged, the pledgor may not assign such rights or permit others to use such rights. However, the pledgor and the pledgee may assign or permit others to use such rights through consultations. Transfer fees and licence fees acquired by the pledgor shall be used to satisfy in advance the secured claims of the creditor or be deposited with a third party upon agreement with the pledgee.

第八十一条   权利质押除适用本节规定外,适用本章第一节的规定。

Article 81 The pledge of rights is governed not only by the provisions of this Section, but also by the provisions of Section 1 of this Chapter.

第五章

Chapter 5 Lien

第八十二条   本法所称留置,是指依照本法第八十四条的规定,债权人按照合同约定占有债务人的动产,债务人不按照合同约定的期限履行债务的,债权人有权依照本法规定留置该财产,以该财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该财产的价款优先受偿。

Article 82 "Lien" as used in this Law means that the creditor shall possess the debtor's movables according to the terms of the contract as provided by Article 84 of this Law. Where the debtor fails to perform his obligations within the time limit specified in the contract, the creditor shall be entitled to have a lien over the relevant property according to the provisions of this Law and may keep the property to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the auction or sale of the property.

第八十三条   留置担保的范围包括主债权及利息、违约金、损害赔偿金、留置物保管费用和实现留置权的费用。

Article 83 The scope of guaranty of lien shall cover the principal obligatory right and its interest, contractual fine, damage compensation, expense for keeping the subject with a lien and expense for realization of the right of lien.

第八十四条   因保管合同、运输合同、加工承揽合同发生的债权,债务人不履行债务的,债权人有留置权。

Article 84 Where the debtor of an obligation incurred under a contract of custody or for transport or the undertaking of processing fails to perform his obligation, the creditor shall have a right of lien.

法律规定可以留置的其他合同,适用前款规定。

The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to other contracts for which a lien may be taken as prescribed by the law.

当事人可以在合同中约定不得留置的物。

The parties may agree in the contract on articles not subject to lien.

第八十五条   留置的财产为可分物的,留置物的价值应当相当于债务的金额。

Article 85 Where the retained property can be divided, the value of the part retained shall be equal to the amount of the debt.

第八十六条   留置权人负有妥善保管留置物的义务。因保管不善致使留置物灭失或者毁损的,留置权人应当承担民事责任。

Article 86 A lienor shall be obliged to keep lien Articles properly. If he does not keep the subject with a lien properly so that the subject with a lien is extinct or damaged, the lienor shall bear the civil liability.

第八十七条   债权人与债务人应当在合同中约定,债权人留置财产后,债务人应当在不少于两个月的期限内履行债务。债权人与债务人在合同中未约定的,债权人留置债务人财产后,应当确定两个月以上的期限,通知债务人在该期限内履行债务。

Article 87 The creditor and the debtor shall agree in the contract that the debtor shall perform his obligation within not less than two months after the creditor takes a lien over the property. If the creditor and the debtor have not agreed in the contract, after the creditor has a lien on the property of the debtor, he shall set a time limit of more than two months and notify the debtor to perform the debt within the said time limit.

债务人逾期仍不履行的,债权人可以与债务人协议以留置物折价,也可以依法拍卖、变卖留置物。

Where the debtor does not perform the debt within the stipulated period, the creditor may agree with the debtor to convert the retention property to value or may auction or sell the retention property pursuant to the law.

留置物折价或者拍卖、变卖后,其价款超过债权数额的部分归债务人所有,不足部分由债务人清偿。

After the subject with a lien has been converted into value or auctioned or sold, any portion of the proceeds that exceeds the amount of the obligation shall be owned by the debtor and any shortfall shall be paid by the debtor.

第八十八条   留置权因下列原因消灭:

Article 88 A lien shall be extinguished as a result of the following reasons

(一)债权消灭的;

1. The obligee's rights are terminated;

(二)债务人另行提供担保并被债权人接受的。

(II) the debtor provides guarantee separately and is accepted by the creditor.

第六章

Chapter 6 Deposit

第八十九条   当事人可以约定一方向对方给付定金作为债权的担保。债务人履行债务后,定金应当抵作价款或者收回。给付定金的一方不履行约定的债务的,无权要求返还定金;收受定金的一方不履行约定的债务的,应当双倍返还定金。

Article 89 The parties may agree that one party pay a deposit to the other party as a guaranty for the obligation. After the obligor performs the obligation, the deposit shall be offset against the price or returned. Where the party which pays the deposit fails to perform its obligations under the contract, it has no right to demand the return of the deposit; where the party which receives the deposit fails to perform its obligations under the contract, it shall return twice the amount of the deposit to the other party.

第九十条   定金应当以书面形式约定。当事人在定金合同中应当约定交付定金的期限。定金合同从实际交付定金之日起生效。

Article 90 Deposits shall be agreed in writing. The parties shall set a time limit in the deposit contract for the delivery of the deposit. The deposit contract shall become effective on the date of the actual delivery of the deposit.

第九十一条   定金的数额由当事人约定,但不得超过主合同标的额的百分之二十。

Article 91 The amount of the deposit shall be agreed by the parties, but may not exceed 20 percent of the value of the subject matter of the principal contract.

第七章

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第九十二条   本法所称不动产是指土地以及房屋、林木等地上定着物。

Article 92 For the purposes of this Law, immovable property shall refer to land and attachments thereto such as buildings and forests.

本法所称动产是指不动产以外的物。

For the purposes of this Law, the term "movable property" shall refer to property other than real property.

第九十三条   本法所称保证合同、抵押合同、质押合同、定金合同可以是单独订立的书面合同,包括当事人之间的具有担保性质的信函、传真等,也可以是主合同中的担保条款。

Article 93 For the purposes of this Law, guarantee, mortgage, pledge and deposit contracts may be separately concluded written contracts that include letters, facsimiles, etc. between the parties that are in the nature of a security and that also may be security clauses of a principal contract.

第九十四条   抵押物、质物、留置物折价或者变卖,应当参照市场价格。

Article 94 When converting into value or selling off any item subject to a mortgage, pledge or lien, its market price shall be referred to.

第九十五条   海商法等法律对担保有特别规定的,依照其规定。

Article 95 Where the Maritime Code and other laws have special provisions on guaranty, such provisions shall apply.

第九十六条   本法自1995年10月1日起施行。

Article 96 This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 1995.

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